76 results about "Cathodic polarization" patented technology

Several techniques are described for reducing or mitigating the formation of seams and/or voids in electroplating the interior regions of microscopic recessed features. Cathodic polarization is used to mitigate the deleterious effects of introducing a substrate plated with a seed layer into an electroplating solution. Also described are diffusion-controlled electroplating techniques to provide for bottom-up filling of trenches and vias, avoiding thereby sidewalls growing together to create seams/voids. A preliminary plating step is also described that plates a thin film of conductor on the interior surfaces of features leading to adequate electrical conductivity to the feature bottom, facilitating bottom-up filling.

The invention relates to the field of preparation of a transmission sample, and in particular to a preparation method of a titanium alloy surface passivation film transmission observation sample. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) performing double-spray thinning treatment on a transmission sample with diameter of 3mm and thickness of 40-50 microns polished by sand paper in acid liquor at -20to -30 DEG C to prepare a transmission sample with thin region thickness of about 30nm-100nm and uniform distribution; (2) performing cathodic polarization on the transmission sample subjected to the double spray in electrolyte under the condition of -0.5V to -1.5V for about 1-10 min so as to remove an oxide film spontaneously formed on the surface of the sample in air; and (3) performing anodic passivation treatment on the alloy sample under the condition of 0 to 2V for 0.5-5 hours to fully oxidize the alloy surface so as to form a passivation film uniformly distributed at the thin region of the transmission sample. The fully passivated thin region is completely made from metal oxide and can be free from the influence of an alloy phase of a matrix, and thus the phase composition and the element distribution of the passivation film are easily observed. The preparation method is suitable for preparing of the transmission observation sample of the passivation film of titanium, titanium alloy and the like with thickness of only several nanometers.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a cathode of a low-medium temperature solid oxide fuel cell, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing a cathode layer chief source by spraying cathode slurry on an electrolytic substrate and drying at the temperature of 100-400 DEG C; and then sintering at 800-1300 DEG C in an air environment for 2-10 hours so as to obtain the cathode of the fuel cell, wherein temperature rise rate is 5-20 DEG C/minute. The invention solves the problems of overhigh oxygenic concentration polarization and higher cathodic polarization impedance which are caused by difficult structure control, poor preparation repeatability and slower oxygenic cathodic transmission of a cathode layer of the prior common low-medium temperature solid oxide fuel cell and prepares the cathode layer which has specific lamellar structure, needs no template and can be prepared easily and repeatedly by selecting a powder synthesis process, calcining temperature and temperature rise rate, thereby obviously enhancing the cathode performance.

The invention relates to a method for forming a corrosion inhibiting film on a steel and iron surface, which comprises the following steps that: firstly, a steel and iron sheet is gradually ground and polished by No. 1# to 6# metallographic abrasive paper grade by grade, is cleanly washed by deionized water, is degreased by acetone and is cleanly washed by the deionized water, an oxidation film is removed through dilute sulphuric acid, and the steel and iron sheet is cleanly washed by the deionized water for use; self assembly solution is formed by diazonium salt solution with the concentration being 0.005mol/L to 0.02mol/L and dilute sulphuric acid solution with the concentration being 0.01 to 0.1mol/L; the steel and iron sheet is soaked into the mixed self assembly solution, the soakingtemperature is the room temperature, and the assembly time is 1 to 3h; cathodic polarization is carried out on electrode in the mixed solution (at the potential range being -0.5 to -1.5V), and the time is 200 to 400s. The method has the beneficial effects that the method for forming the corrosion inhibiting film on the surface of the iron and steel electrode is simple, the operation is simple andconvenient, and the corrosion inhibiting effect is excellent. Electrochemical data shows that the corrosion inhibiting efficiency of the corrosion inhibiting film in corrosion media of 0.1mol/l HCl, 0.05mol/L H2SO4 and 5 percent NaCl is respectively higher than 90 percent.

The invention discloses an ionic liquid gold plating solution containing a coordination agent and an additive and a gold plating method adopting the ionic liquid gold plating solution and belongs to the technical field of gold electroplating. The gold plating solution is prepared from a solvent [BMIm] [BF4], main salt chloroauric acid, the coordination agent and the additive. Gold electroplating mainly includes the steps of (1) a substrate pretreatment and nickel preplating process and (2) gold electroplating. The ionic liquid gold plating solution containing the coordination agent and the additive and the gold plating method adopting the ionic liquid gold plating solution have the advantages that the added coordination agent has a certain coordination relation to gold ions, the stability of a gold complex in the plating solution can be improved, cathodic polarization can be improved in the electroplating process, and the functions of refining grains and brightening plating coatings are achieved; the added additive cooperates with the coordination agent to a certain degree so that the grains can be further refined, the coatings can be more compact and the appearance can be brighter; and to sum up, the ionic liquid gold plating solution and the gold plating method have the best characteristic that by adding the coordination agent and the additive in an ionic liquid system, the stability of the gold complex in the gold plating solution and the stability of the gold plating solution are improved, and therefore the gold plating coatings and the gold plating solution which are good in properties are obtained.

The invention relates to a measuring method of a deep-hole copper plating accelerant. The measuring method comprises the following steps: (1) forming a three-electrode system by a metal electrode, an inert metal sheet and a saturated calomel electrode which are taken as a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode respectively, and selecting a copper electroplating solution; (2) measuring a cathodic polarization curve of an accelerant-free basic electroplating solution; (3) adding accelerants of different concentration into the basic electroplating solution, and respectively measuring corresponding cathodic polarization curves; (4) comparing the cathodic polarization curve of the step (2) with the cathodic polarization curves of the step (3), and analyzing relevant parameters of the curves so as to acquire a quantitative relation curve between relevant electrochemical parameters and the concentration of the accelerants; and (5) measuring an actual to-be-measured copper plating solution by the same electrode system so as to obtain a result. By taking the cathodic polarization curves as measuring objects, the measuring method is close to an actual electroplating process, so that the management and process quality control of the copper electroplating solution are directed, and the industrial application of a TSV copper electroplating process is promoted.

Disclosed is a nickel positive electrode for a fiber battery having a long life duration, and also being enabling a high output and high capacity to be attained. For this purpose, the nickel positive electrode for a fiber battery is obtained by coating a carbon fiber with nickel, then causing a cathodic polarization in a nickel nitrate bath using the nickel-coated carbon fiber as a cathode, and then immersing the precipitate, which was deposited on the surface of the carbon fiber by the cathodic polarization, in an aqueous caustic alkali solution.

A method for conducting an accelerated life test of a polymer coated metallic sample includes placing the sample below the water surface in a test tank containing water and an oxygen containing gas. Cathodic polarization of the metallic portion of the sample is increased. This can be by using a voltage source or a sacrificial anode. Dissolved oxygen in the test tank water is also increased. Dissolved oxygen can be increased by providing oxygen under pressure to the tank or through an aerator under the water surface. Temperature can also be regulated to accelerate the test speed. Delamination of the sample is periodically tested through a peel test or by other means. The invention also provides a reaction model independent method for calculating activation energy.

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering and surface treatment, in particular providing a preparation method of a nano-crystalline zinc plating layer by using direct current electrodeposition. The preparation method is characterized by taking acidic zinc sulfate solution as a base plating solution, adopting three organics of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), benzylidene acetone (BA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as mixed additives for remarkably increasing the cathodic polarization of zinc deposition; and applying direct current for deposition by taking carbon plated steel as a cathode and insoluble electrode as an anode with the application of the direct current electrodeposition method, wherein current density is 0.5-4 A/cm2, and electroplating time is 1-6 minutes. By adopting the invention, the zinc plating layer with a luminant and smooth surface and the size of a crystalline grain less than 50 nm.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous titanium-substrate-loaded nickel oxide (nickel hydroxide) electrode with an electroconductive ceramic interface. The preparation method includes (1), ball-milling and mixing metal titanium hydride powder and nickel powder to obtain a metal powder mixture;(2), putting a certain amount of the metal powder mixture into a steel die, and performing pressurization to obtain a metal pressed blank; (3), putting the metal pressed blank into a tubular furnace, and controlling sintering atmosphere and temperature time to obtain the porous titanium-substrate-loaded nickel oxide electrode with the electroconductive ceramic interface; (4), washing the surface of the electrode by dilute acid and deionized water; (5), in nickel nitrate, depositing acertain amount of nickel hydroxide on the surface of the electrode according to a cathodic polarization method to obtain the porous titanium-substrate-loaded nickel hydroxide electrode with the electroconductive ceramic interface. The preparation method has the advantages that the porous electroconductive ceramic interface TinO2n-1-Ti*NiOy generated during high-temperature hypoxic sintering is utilized, contact resistance between active substances and a substrate is reduced, and contact strength between the active substances and the substrate is improved.

The invention relates to a solid oxide electrolytic cell cathode material for CO2 electrolysis, in particular to an A-vacancy layered perovskite cathode material Pr0.9Ba0.9Mn<2-5x>Fe<4x>Ni<x>O<5+delta> (PBMFNO, x = 0.04-0.20) and an application thereof. The cathode material is characterized in that: Pr and Ba vacancies are introduced into an A site of a titanium ore material Pr0.5Ba0.5MnO3, two transition metal ions including Fe and Ni are doped into a B site, the molecular formula is Pr0.45Ba0.45Mn<1-5y>Fe<4y>Ni<y>O<3-delta> (y is equal to 0.02-0.10), Pr0.45Ba0.45Mn<1-5y>Fe<4y>Ni<y>O<3-delta>is converted into PBMFNO through H2 reduction, and meanwhile, iron-nickel alloy FeNi3 nanoparticles with the size of 30-50 nm are obtained through in-situ desolvation. The perovskite cathode materialprepared by the invention has good stability and CO2 catalytic activity, and can effectively reduce cathode polarization.

The invention discloses a method of measuring a critical current density in hydrogen evolution through a reinforced steel bar in a reinforced concrete structure. The method comprises the steps of connecting the reinforced steel bar put in a concrete sample, a counter electrode and a reference electrode to an electrochemical workstation respectively in a corresponding mode so as to form a three-electrode testing system; starting the electrochemical workstation, conducting a cathodic polarization test on the reinforced steel bar, firstly testing a natural potential of the reinforced steel bar, then using the natural potential as a starting point, and scanning a changing value of an electric potential of the reinforced steel bar in a cathodic polarization area; finishing the polarization of the reinforced steel bar when the electric potential of reinforced steel bar in the cathodic polarization area is in an interval value n so as to obtain a cathodic polarization curve; calculating a first derivative or a second derivative of the cathodic polarization curve, finding a mutational site, determining the mutational site as an original state occurred during the hydrogen evolution reaction through the reinforced steel bar, and measuring an electric potential value and an electric current density value of the mutational site. The measuring method can quickly and accurately measure the critical current density in hydrogen evolution through the reinforced steel bar, does not destroy the concrete structure, and is applicable to engineering application.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic copper foil surface treatment, and particularly relates to a surface treatment agent capable of improving corrosion resistance of electrolytic copper foil. The surface of the copper foil is electroplated to form an even and exquisite tin-zinc-cerium ternary alloy composite coating, thus corrosion resistance of the copper foil is improved, and the anti-hydrochloric acid cracking rate of the copper foil can be 2% or below. Rare earth element cerium has 4f layer unfilled electronic structure characteristics, small electronegativity, andhigh chemical affinity, can effectively improve performance of plating liquid of a traditional electroplating process, is prone to generating characteristic adsorption on active points of crystal growth, and hinders too fast discharge of metal ions, and thus a structure of the coating is changed; characteristic adsorption of cerium ions is conducive to negative shifting of cathodic deposition potential, the cathodic polarization effect is improved, too fast discharge of tin and zinc ions can be effectively hindered, and thus the even and exquisite alloy coating is obtained; and a preparationmethod is simple, environmentally friendly and low in cost.

The invention discloses an electro-adsorption module modification system and a process, which relate to the field of water treatment, and aim to solve the problem that the desalting efficiency of the electro-adsorption module is affected due to accumulation of surface side reaction effects in a long-time running process of an existing electro-adsorption system. The system comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a modification unit, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode form the electro-adsorption module when electro-adsorption is carried out; the third electrode is used as a positive electrode when the electro-adsorption module is modified; and the modification unit is formed by the third electrode used as the modified positive electrode, and the first electrode or the second electrode used as the positive electrode during electro-adsorption work while as a negative electrode during modification, and is used for carrying out cathodic polarization on the modified negative electrode so as to complete modification of the electro-adsorption module. The process comprises the following steps of: adopting the third electrode as the modified positive electrode, andthe first electrode or the second electrode as the modified negative electrode; and carrying out cathodic polarization on the first electrode or the second electrode used as the modified negative electrode so as to complete modification of the electro-adsorption module; and the steps are implemented by adopting the system.

The invention discloses a cyanide-free copper electroplating method which comprises the following steps of: during the complexation process of copper ions in an electroplate liquid, firstly, complexing the copper ions in the electroplate liquid by using HEDP (Hydroxy Ethidene Phosphonic Acid); then, complexing the residual copper ions in the electroplate liquid by using EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) in an auxiliary mode. The technical scheme comprises the following steps of: complexing the copper ions in the solution by using a proper complexing agent, and activating a metal matrix; complexing the residual copper ions in the solution by using a proper auxiliary complexing agent, increasing cathodic polarization so that the copper ions are more difficult to discharge to effectively prevent replacement precipitation, and increasing the bonding force of an electroplating layer. The invention has the advantages of obviously increased bonding force of copper electroplated layer, simple technological operation and convenient electroplate liquid maintenance.

The invention provides an auxiliary brightening agent for potassium chloride galvanizing. The auxiliary brightening agent is combined with a main brightening agent and a carrier brightening agent for application, and is characterized in that the formula of the auxiliary brightening agent comprises natural gum, wherein the natural gum is crushed into powder, the powder is dissolved in hot water, impurities are filtered from the powder through a filter, and the powder is added into the auxiliary brightening agent for uniform stirring. According to the auxiliary brightening agent, the cathodic polarization of a high-current density area can be improved, the dispersion capability of a plating solution can be improved, and plated layer crystals are delicate and bright; the plating solution is high in covering power, and a plated layer is clear, smooth and high in deposition speed, the binding force of the plated layer can meet requirements, high current efficiency is ensured, and a plated part is prevented from being scorched and blackened; the auxiliary brightening agent is easy to prepare, stable, low in cost, pollution-free and environmentally friendly.

The invention relates to a method for measuring the most negative cathodic protection potential of steel. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a test solution; (2) electrochemical testing: measuring self-corrosion and inflection point potential; (3) a slow strain rate stress corrosion test: researching the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the sample in the test solution under different cathodic polarization potentials, and calculating a hydrogen embrittlement coefficient; (4) TDS test: taking the fracture part of the sample after the test in the step (3) is finished, determining the hydrogen content in the sample after different polarization potential tests, and calculating the hydrogen permeation rate of the sample corresponding to different potentials in the stress corrosion test process in the step (3); (5) fracture morphology analysis; and (6) data analysis: drawing a hydrogen embrittlement coefficient-polarization potential curve and a hydrogen permeation rate-polarization potential curve according to results of the steps (3) and (4) in combination with the fracture morphology in the step (5) so as to determine the most negative cathodic protection potential of the sample.

The invention provides cathode powder of a cylindrical basic zinc-manganese battery and a preparation method of the cathode powder. The cathode powder comprises the following component in part by weight: 80 to 90 parts of electrolytic manganese dioxide, 1 to 10 parts of graphite powder, 0.5 to 1 part of calcium stearate and 1 to 5 parts of ethanol. The cathode powder and the preparation method are low in raw material cost and have a simple preparation process; and by the preparation method, the surface state of cathode powder particles can be improved, porous particles are formed, and the conditions that the reaction area of a cathode is increased, discharge density is reduced, anodic polarization is relieved and the discharge performance of large current is improved are facilitated, so that the battery is particularly suitable for large-current electrical appliances such as a digital camera and the like.

The invention relates to a method for improving the mechanical property of an electrolytic copper foil and an additive used by the method, and belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries. The method solves the problems that the mechanical property of the existing electrolytic copper foil is weak, the tensile property is reduced along with the reduction of the thickness, and the problems of high cost, high process difficulty and the like generally exist in a process for specifically strengthening the mechanical property of the electrolytic copper foil. According to the method for improving the mechanical property of the electrolytic copper foil, in the preparation process of the electrolytic copper foil, the crystal face growth trend of crystal grains in the copper foil is controlled, the (220) crystal face growth of copper crystal grains is promoted, the texture coefficient of copper grains on the (220) crystal face is increased, and/or cathodic polarization in the copper deposition process is increased, and the copper grains are refined. The method can effectively reduce cost and pollution; the modification treatment mode is simple and efficient, and extra procedures are omitted; the growth orientation of copper grains can be induced, and the orientation of the crystal face (220) is enhanced; and meanwhile, grain refinement can be realized, and the mechanical property of the copper foil is strengthened.

Outer electrode of flow transducer is put into medium to be tested. Using dual potentiostat carries out cathodic polarization in order to measure ratio of limit current density between outer id and inner id in media with different velocities of flow as well as to make working curve between velocity of flow and ratio of current density. Then, based on measured ratio of current density and the working curve obtains relative flow rate of medium to surface of metal. The flow transducer includes outer electrode and inner electrode. Outer electrode and inner electrode respectively include working electrode, auxiliary electrode and reference electrode, which are constituted from circular or quadrate platinum sheet or stainless steel sheet. Advantages are: easy of implementation, reliable and estimating speed of metallic corrosion directly.