The invention provides a heat radiation failure protection device of an LED illumination module. The device mainly comprises an LED lamp cluster, a power supply unit and a heat radiation fan; the heat radiation fan is connected on the main power supply circuit in series or in parallel, a controlling circuit is additionally arranged between the main power supply circuit and the heat radiation fan, and a current controlling component (like a field effect transistor, a three electrode tube, a relay, or a thyristor, etc.) is arranged between the controlling circuit and the main power supply circuit; when the heat radiation fan of the LED illumination module runs abnormally, the power supply current flow quantity of the main power supply circuit can be weakened or in an interruption state through the controlling circuit and the reaction action of the current controlling component, to lead the LED lamp cluster to be transformed and in faint light or power off state, and thereby achieving the protection effect of effectively preventing the over heated damage and the explosion of the LED lamp cluster, in order to further improve the operational safety and the quality of the LED illumination module, and to lead the LED illumination module to have the practical progression.