788results about How to "Reduce mass transfer resistance" patented technology

The invention discloses a preparation method of a hollow nickel cobaltate nano polyhedron. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an organic metal framework complex ZIF-67 and an alcoholic solution of nickel nitrate uniformly, and reacting at the temperature condition of 80-100 DEG C; (2) cooling to room temperature after reaction, collecting precipitate, cleaning by ethyl alcohol or other non-polar solvents, centrifuging, removing the solvents, and carrying out vacuum drying so as to obtain a hollow nickel cobalt hydroxide polyhedron; and (3) annealing the hollow nickel cobalt hydroxide polyhedron in air heating so as to obtain the porous nickel cobaltate nano hollow polyhedron. The method is simple to operate, and is environmentally friendly, and the mold plate removing process is omitted; the hollow obtained nickel cobaltate nano polyhedron has the relatively high specific surface area, relatively low mass transfer resistance and relatively excellent structure stability; as an electrode material of the lithium ion battery, the hollow nickel cobaltate nano polyhedron is superior to an existing transition metal oxide electrode material in cost and performance.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a cold-brewing tea by puffing at variable temperature and pressure differences, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding water to dry tea leaves or baked and rolled fresh leaves and allowing to stand at 4-10 DEG C; (2) freezing and then warming up for unfreezing; (3) repeating the step (2) twice to three times; (4) filling in a variable temperature and pressure difference airflow puffing tank, and heating with steam indirectly till the temperature reaches 90-130 DEG C, and then preserving the temperature for 3-10 min; reducing the pressure to 100 Pa from 0.12-0.25MPa within 60-180s; reducing the temperature to 70-85 DEG C; vacuuming and drying for 150-250 min to obtain the cold-brewing tea. In the process of tea leaves, the method can loosen the tissue structure of tea leaves, cause microcracks and break cells of the tea leaves and even organell of the tea leaves, thereby reducing the mass transfer resistance during extraction, realizing low-temperature, fast and high-efficiency extraction of the tea leaves, and providing technical support for the development of the cold-brewing tea.

The invention discloses a nitrosation-anaerobic ammonoxidation single-stage biological denitrification method, the technology utilizes nitrosation flora with intensified active carbon as core after adding powdery active carbon and anaerobic ammonoxidation flora to generate composite granule sludge, and couples two reactions of nitrosation reaction and anaerobic ammonoxidation reaction, realizes biological denitrification reaction for transforming ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen in macrography. The invention is operated in one reactor at normal temperature without need of heating preprocessing waste water, saves energy, needs small accommodation area and reduces free nitrous cumulant of free nitrite to resist ammonia nitrogen with higher concentration. The invention adds powdery active carbon to form intensified granule sludge and self-cultures suspended sludge, thereby simplifying startup and running of the technology.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a novel heavy oil hydrogenization demetallization catalyst adopting macroporous structures. The preparation method is characterized by particularly comprising the following steps: 1) preparing alumina sol; 2) mixing pitch residue powder with the alumina sol to prepare a catalyst carrier adopting the macroporous structures; 3) impregnating the formed catalyst carrier by a two-step impregnation method adopting isopyknic division to finally obtain the catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the method adopts mesopore structures and the macroporous structures at different proportions; the proportion of the macroporous structures can be adjusted with the amount of pore forming materials of pitch residues. A diffusion experiment shows that the catalyst adopting the macroporous structures in a certain proportion meets mechanism of a heavy oil hydrogenization demetallization reaction, has a relatively high metal accommodation ability, effectively lowers the reaction resistance in the heavy oil hydrogenization demetallization reaction process, improves effective diffusion coefficient of heavy oil in the catalyst, and is suitable for processing heavy oil or residual oil with relatively high metal content.

The invention provides an oil soluble molybdenum-based precursor of a catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof, relating to the technical field of heavy oil hydrocracking catalysts and solving the problems of low catalytic hydrogenation activity and high cost of the existing catalysts. The preparation method for the precursor comprises the steps of (1) mixing a molybdenum source with water, reacting for 30-240 minutes at 70-90DEG C, and adding inorganic acid; (2) adding polycarbon alcohol into P2S5 in 5-15 minutes at 50-80DEG C, and reacting for 1-3 hours at 70-100DEG C; (3) adding the product of step (2) into the product of step (1), adding resin, and reacting for 4-8 hours at 70-110DEG C; (4) separating oil phase from the product of step (3) so as to obtain the target product. The precursor can form MoS2 active components through self sulfurization and in situ decomposition, is used in slurry reactor hydrocracking of poor heavy oil with high content of metal, carbon residue and sulfur, and can lower the yield of coke and keep a device to run for a long period.

The invention discloses an electrochemical biological combined denitrification reactor, which comprises a tank body, an electrode plate, a particle electrode, an aerating apparatus and a constant current transformer. Both ends of the tank body are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The electrode plate comprises an anode arranged on the center part of the tank body and a cathode which surrounds the anode to be arranged at the position close to the tank wall; the anode and the cathode are respectively connected with an anode and a cathode of the constant current transformer; the particle electrode is filled between the anode and the cathode; and the aerating apparatus comprises a fine bubble aerator arranged on the bottom of the tank body and an air pump connected with the fine bubble aerator. The device of the invention has compact and simple structure, small occupied area, high current utilization rate and rapid biofilm formation of microbe, can simultaneously remove various pollutants, such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and the like, has high denitrification efficiency and low energy consumption, is easy to regulate and control and is a multiple three-dimensional electrode biomembrane sewage treatment device integrating biology with an electric microfield into whole body.

The invention relates to a preparation method of high purified fructo-oligosaccharide, in particular to a method for preparing the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide by using immobilized enzyme. The preparation method of the invention prepares immobilized fructosyltransferase, immobilized glucose oxidase and immobilized mimic hydrogen peroxidase; then prepared enzymes are used to prepare the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide through an interrupted or continuous production method. In the preparation method, cheap metalporphyrin compounds are used as the mimic hydrogen peroxidase to replace expansive catalase; the fructosyltransferase, the glucose oxidase and the mimic hydrogen peroxidase are all immobilized and all can be recycled and reused; the stability and the operating factor of the enzymes are improved; the production cost for preparing the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide is greatly reduced. The preparation method can use one step method to directly produce the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide from cane sugar.

The invention discloses a ZIF-8 encapsulated amino ionic liquid type carbon dioxide adsorbing-catalyzing agent. The ZIF-8 encapsulated amino ionic liquid type carbon dioxide adsorbing-catalyzing agent is prepared according to the following steps: taking the metal organic framework material ZIF-8 as a carrier; taking the amino-group functionalized ionic liquid 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazole chloride as an active component; immobilizing the amino-group functionalized ionic liquid in the super-cages of the ZIF-8 carrier in an in-situ manner during preparation of ZIF-8, wherein 1.5 to 5 mmol of the amino-group functionalized ionic liquid is immobilized in each gram of the adsorbing-catalyzing agent. The adsorbing-catalyzing agent integrates the functions of selective adsorbing and catalyzing into a whole, and can be used for synchronously adsorbing and converting carbon dioxide, so as to reduce the cost of the CUU technology.

The invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst carrier with macropores and mesopores which are in run-through. The method comprises the following steps of: adding solid cellosilk in the process of preparing or forming the catalyst carrier, so that the solid cellosilk is dispersed in the catalyst carrier; and removing the solid cellosilk by forming and roasting to obtain the catalyst carrier with the run-through macropores and mesopores. The invention also provides a method for preparing a catalyst by further supporting active ingredients by the catalyst carrier and the carrier and the catalyst which are prepared by the method. By the method, the run-through performance of a mesoporous channel of the carrier is improved greatly by adding the solid cellosilk; and the run-through macropore formed by the cellosilk provides a quickly-dispersed channel for reaction molecules, so the mass transfer resistance in the catalytic reaction process is reduced. The method is suitable for preparing various catalysts of which the reaction speed is controlled by internal diffusion, such as a petroleum distillate (particularly heavy oil distillate) hydrogenation catalyst.

The invention discloses a nitrogen and phosphorus absorbing agent which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of olefin monomer, 80-200 parts of attapulgite clay, 5-20 parts of auxiliary raw material, 0.05-4.0 parts of initiator and 0.05-6.0 parts of cross-linking agent. The nitrogen and phosphorus absorbing agent forms a granular product in a reaction process, is simple in preparation process and post-treatment process, has no secondary pollution, is mainly used for treating lake eutrophic water, and can also be used for purifying water bodies of life wastewater, food wastewater, animal husbandry wastewater and the like.

A technology for synchronously removing N and P from the city sewage features that the composite suspended living things system with active sludge and biomembrane is created in a batch of composite bioreactors, which in running by the sequence of anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic steps. Its advantages are short reaction flow, less consumption of carbon source, high effect and low cost.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM)-Fe2O3 / carbon aerogel (CA) electrode under a neutrality condition. On the surface of a CA electrode, 3DOM-Fe2O3 is deposited on the surface of the CA electrode according to the methods of vertical dipping, solvent evaporation and template calcination, so that the 3DOM-Fe2O3 / CA electrode is obtained. The 3DOM-Fe2O3 / CA electrode can be used for Electro-Fenton cathode rapid degrading of pollutants difficult to biodegrade in wastewater. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method and application of the 3DOM-Fe2O3 / CA electrode have the advantages that CA high in specific area, electrical conductivity and adsorption capacity is selected as a substrate, meanwhile, the CA is loaded with the 3DOM-Fe2O3, solar absorbing photocatalytic performance is achieved, good Electro-Fenton catalytic activity is also achieved, Electro-Fenton and the photocatalysis technology are combined for use, and energy consumption is reduced while Electro-Fenton activity is improved. The method is easy and simple to implement and low in cost, is an efficient and energy-saving new technology, and has high economic and social benefits in the actual application aspect.

The invention pertains a way of making tea using instant draught head, including cold expanding and hot expanding. This way can make structure free, add crack, and also it can crush the structure cell. Compared with the traditional ways, it can increase TFs and TRs in tea over 30%, chlorophyll in the tea soup increases over 50%, and also it can increase Y- amino acids, strengthen the process of soaking water-in things, shorten dipping time and increase soaking rate.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a high-gradient porous metal film. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly, carrying out hole blocking treatment on a porous metal matrix by using prepared inorganic powder; then, carrying out metal powder coating; carrying out high temperature sintering under a hydrogen or inert atmosphere to obtain an impurity-containing gradient porous metal film; finally, flushing (carrying out vacuum soaking on) residual impurities in a film matrix by using a chemical reagent or removing the residual impurities in the film matrix by using an ultrasonic technology to obtain the high-gradient porous metal film. According to the high-gradient porous metal film prepared by the preparation method, the powder coating quality is good, the operation is simple and convenient, the residual impurities in a matrix pore passage is easy to be completely removed, and the obtained metal film is good in integrality, high in gradient and low in mass transfer resistance.

Photocatalyst preparation method for glass fiber net carried TiO2 fixed membrane belongs to degradation pollution technique field. Use flexible glass fiber net after heat treatment as carrier; take butyl titanate, alcohol, water and nitric acid as volume share of 1:3~12:0.02~0.2:0.01~0.1 to prepare sol-gal liquid; use soakage-pulling method to make hard coat; after airing, finish hydrolysis and polycondensation; finally, bake to remove organic and make TiO2 fastness; repeat process and obtain TiO2 fixed membrane with determined thickness. It is easy to operate and produce in large scale; the product has high purity and can be used repeatedly; the TiO2 fixed membrane photocatalyst of this invention has high activity, good durability, and large specific surface; the membrane module is convenient to assemble, with cheap price and wide application both for drink water advanced treatment, pretreatment and terminal treatment for toxic harmful high content hard-degradation organic waste water, and treatment for polluted air.

The invention relates to a preparation method for an ordered ultra-thin electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing an ordered electrode structure and establishing an ultra-thin catalyst layer; a process of impregnating and annealing is carried out on a carbon paper to obtain TiO<2> seed crystals; then a TiO<2> nanorod is grown through a hydrothermal method; a TiN ordered array is prepared through NH<3> etching; and the array is loaded with a catalyst to establish the ordered ultra-thin catalyst layer without containing a proton conductor (such as Nafion). The established ordered ultra-thin catalyst layer can be used for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, other fuel cells and electrochemical devices.

The invention relates to a method for preparing solid electrolyte membrane electrodes and relates to a method for preparing membrane electrodes in the electrochemical industry filed. The method comprises following steps: firstly, spraying mixture or solution of solid electrolyte materials and disperser with certain load on solid electrolyte membrane which is pre-processed, controlling the load range of the solid electrolyte materials to be 0-0.5mg / cm2, then, configuring catalyst layer mixture or the solution into slurry according to certain ratio of catalyst: the solid electrolyte materials: the dispersant, spraying the slurry on two sides of the solid electrolyte membrane to form a triad component, and then hot-pressing a diffusion layer which is pre-processed with the triad component to form a five-subtest membrane electrode component with the diffusion layer under the condition of 80DEG C to 650DEG C and 0-500kg / cm2. The method of the invention can manufacture multi-functional membrane electrode multi-layer components according to different demands, the technique is convenient and rapid, the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane are combined compactly and solidly, and the method has the effects of high availability ratio of the catalyst, good stability and long service life.

The invention relates to a belt type drying device capable of drying materials by using low-pressure superheat steam. The belt type drying device is a horizontal type pneumatic drying device with dual functions of heating drying media and drying the materials. A mode of internal heating is adopted by the belt type low-pressure superheat steam drying device, the low-pressure superheat steam circularly flowing inside the belt type low-pressure superheat steam drying device is continuously heated, the low-pressure superheat steam is circularly used as the drying media, the drying media is forced to flow inside the drying device and directly contact with wet materials which horizontally move along with a built-in belt type conveyer, and the purposes of heating and drying the materials are achieved through convection heat exchange and mass transfer diffusion between the drying media and the wet materials.

The invention relates to a method for continuously preparing 1, 3-propylene glycol by glycerin through one step of conversion. With the presence of metal / solid acid bifunctional catalyst, glycerin water solution and hydrogen are simultaneously and continuously led into a fixed bed reactor and have a catalytic reaction at the temperature of 100-150 DEG C, and a pressure of 2-8MPa, wherein, the volume ratio of hydrogen and glycerin water solution is 600-1200; volume air speed of glycerin water solution is 0.15-1h<-1>; the reaction product is collected and has a gas liquid separation to remove gas hydrogen; the liquid phase is distilled and separated to remove the side product to obtain the 1, 3-propylene glycol product; the metal / solid acid bifunctional catalyst is functioned by zirconia / tungsten oxide complex oxide with attachment of platinum; and weight ratio of each metallic element in the catalyst is: Pt: W: Zr=1-5:5-20:69-55. The process of the reaction is simple; the production can be continuous; high concentration glycerin can be converted under a relatively moderate reaction condition; content of 1, 3-propylene glycol is high, while content of side product is low; and 1, 3-propylene glycol separation and purification cost is low.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution material preparation, and relates to a preparation method for constructing a two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nano-hydrolysis electrocatalyst based on foamy copper. The preparation method comprises the following steps: based on foamy copper, carrying out the in-situ growth of flower-like copper phosphate nanosheets on the surface of foamy copper through a self-sacrificing template method at first; and then, carrying out the in-situ growth of copper-bearing MOFs nanosheets on the surface of foamycopper based on the copper phosphate nanosheets grown on the surface of foamy copper, wherein the copper-bearing MOFs nanosheets are perpendicular to Cu3(PO4)2 nanosheets. The preparation method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that foamy copper is adopted as a reaction base, has a three-dimensional network macro-porous structure, and is stable in structure, rich in material source and low in price; through the structural design of the base and the adoption of the self-sacrificing template method for the in-situ growth of the MOFs nanosheets, no extra metal sources need tobe added, the preparation process is simple and controllable, and the structure of the catalyst grown on the surface of the base is stable; and the morphology of a composite material is changed by regulating and controlling the reaction time and the reaction temperature, the ultra-thin MOFs nanosheets are formed, and the specific surface area and the active site exposure ratio are high.

The invention discloses a seawater desalination method implemented by solar membrane distillation, which belongs to a water desalination technology. A membrane distillation assembly, a pretreatment unit, a solar heat-collected circulating water inlet unit, an internal phase change heat recovery unit and an external condensing heat recovery unit are included, wherein a hollow fiber membrane and a hollow fiber condenser pipe are filled in the membrane distillation assembly in a staggered weaved mode, and the pretreatment unit, the solar heat-collected circulating water inlet unit, the internal phase change heat recovery unit and the external condensing heat recovery unit are assorted. A material liquid to be treated, alternately as a hot material liquid and a cold material liquid, is fed into a hot cavity of the hollow fiber membrane of the membrane distillation assembly and a cold cavity of the hollow fiber condenser pipe, so that the membrane distillation assembly can be flexibly amplified for multi-group and multi-level arrangement, therefore, the membrane distillation assembly both can be implemented in a small-scale arrangement mode, and also facilitates wide-range integrated seawater desalination applications; and the design of the novel membrane distillation assembly ensures the high-yield water efficiency, and the multi-level arrangement mode and external condensing heat recovery process of the membrane distillation assembly improve the utilization rate of heat energy. A cheap solar heat collecting device is taken as a driving heat source, and a liquor condensate cooling device is not required to be separately introduced, so that the investment, operation cost and energy consumption of the device are greatly reduced.

The invention discloses a technology for producing sodium sulfate and sodium nitrate by simultaneous wet flue gas desulfurization and denitrification by soda-citric acid cobalt (II). By the technology, SO2 and NO can be converted into Na2SO4 and NaNO3 respectively, so as to realize reclamation of SO2 and NO. The method is different from the general way of converting NO into N2 by denitration, adopts the conventional absorption process, has a mild operation condition, is performed at a normal temperature and pressure, has high desulfurization and denitrification ratio, is small in investment, and low in operation cost, and the absorption liquid is easy to regenerate.

The invention provides a catalyst for propylene production using propane dehydrogenation, a preparation method thereof and application of the catalyst to the field of propylene production using propane dehydrogenation.The catalyst is characterized in that the catalyst uses regular mesoporous alumina-zirconia or alumina-cerium oxide composite oxide as the carrier, chromium oxide as the active component and alkali metal oxide as the auxiliary; by the weight of alumina, the content of zirconia or cerium oxide is 2-10%; the loading amount of the chromium oxide is 5-15%, and the loading amount of the alkali metal oxide is 0.05-0.5%.The catalyst is high in propane conversion rate and propylene selectivity, can inhibit carbon deposition and is good in high-temperature stability.

The invention discloses a method for preparing glyceride rich in conjugated linoleic acid in a supercritical state by an enzyme method, and relates to the method for preparing the glyceride rich in the conjugated linoleic acid in the supercritical CO2 state by the enzyme method. The method for preparing the glyceride rich in the conjugated linoleic acid in the supercritical state by the enzyme method is implemented through the following steps of: 1, reactive pre-processing; 2, enzymatic acidolysis; 3, reaction termination; and 4, separation and purification; thus the glyceride rich in conjugated linoleic acid is obtained. Because the reactant has high solubility in the supercritical CO2 fluid and the solubility of lipase and conjugated linoleic acid in the glycerol trimester is increased, the enzyme is easy to catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of the glycerol trimester and the yield is increased by 5 to 10 percent than that of a conventional method without adding any solvent by performing acidolysis interesterification on the glycerol trimester and the conjugated linoleic acid by the method.

In a system including a centrifugal ozonated water generator, a centrifugal drive source for rotating the ozonated water generator, a liquid source for supplying water to the ozonated water generator, an ozone gas generator fluidly connected to the ozonated water generator, an ozonated water drain regulator, and a sensing assembly for monitoring ozone gas concentration, a method comprises supplying water to an ozonated water generator, supplying ozone gas to the ozonated water generator, activating a drive source to rotate a centrifugal ozone gas and liquid contact device in the ozonated water generator, causing water to contact ozone gas in the ozonated water generator for generating ozonated water, and withdrawing ozonated water from the ozonated water generator. The invention can provide a high contacting area and low mass transfer resistance between ozone gas and water, thereby facilitating the dissolution of ozone gas in water.

The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane separation, and particularly relates to a forward osmosis composite membrane based on a two-dimensional nano material and a macroporous substrate and a preparation method and application of the forward osmosis composite membrane. According to the composite membrane, a two-dimensional nano material is deposited on the surface of a macroporoussubstrate to serve as a middle layer, a polyamide separation layer is formed on the surface of the middle layer, and the composite membrane is obtained. The two-dimensional nano material middle layerin the composite membrane prevents polyamide from permeating into the macroporous substrate to damage the original macroporous and mutually communicated pore structure, reduces the mass transfer resistance, and effectively relieves the internal concentration polarization phenomenon in the forward osmosis process, thereby greatly enhancing the separation performance of the polyamide composite membrane and prolonging the service life of the composite membrane. The forward osmosis composite membrane can be widely applied to seawater desalination, juice concentration and other fields.

The invention relates to an active carbon-silicon aerogel complex and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of removal of volatile organic pollutants. The active carbon-silicon aerogel complex is prepared from active carbon granules serving as a skeleton structure and water glass serving as a silicon aerogel precursor by sol-gel reaction and normal-pressure drying. The active carbon-silicon aerogel complex is prepared from cheap raw materials, has a multistage pore structure, and is favorable for improving the adsorption quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), reducingthe mass transfer resistance and improving the desorption efficiency.

The invention provides porous graphene with a stratified columnar support structure and its preparation method. The method comprises: (1) adding a porous metal oxide inorganic template with a lamellar structure and a precursor of carbon into an organic solvent able to dissolve the carbon precursor; (2) heating and vacuum pumping the product of step (1) so as to remove the solvent; (3) subjecting the product of step (2) to heat treatment in an inert atmosphere for 30-400min at a temperature of 500-1000DEG C; then collecting the solid product after cooling; (4) treating the solid product with a dilute acid for removing the metal oxide template, thus obtaining a porous graphene material. The porous graphene material with a stratified columnar support structure prepared by the preparation method of the invention not only has holes with a diameter larger than 2nm distributed in the graphene lamellar layer, but also has columnar supports between graphene lamellas. Able to reduce the mass transfer resistance between graphene lamellas, the porous graphene in the invention boasts wide application prospects in the fields of energy storage, hydrogen storage, catalysis, and environmental protection, etc.