The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, and provides a chip surface-mounting identifying system and method. The system comprises a shooting device, a substrate and an absorption device, wherein the shooting device is arranged on the substrate, the substrate is used for surface-mounting a chip, the absorption device is used for absorbing the chip and moving the chip to a part below the shooting device, the shooting device is used for identifying a position of the substrate and a position of the chip by shooting, an identification region is arranged on a surface ofthe chip, and the identification region is exposed when the absorption device absorbs the chip so that the chip is moved to the part below the shooting device, and the shooting device is used for identifying the position of the chip by shooting the identification region. By the system, the identification region of the surface can be exposed when the chip is absorbed by using the special absorption device; identification and positioning of the chip and the substrate are completed by a camera, the system cost is low, the influence of an installation error of different cameras on surface-mounting accuracy is eliminated, moreover, the chip position is identified after the chip is absorbed, and the surface-mounting accuracy and the surface-mounting efficiency are improved.