The invention discloses a compound fertilizer capable of improving a soil structure for Hangzhou chili. The compound fertilizer contains the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of ammonium chloride, 15-25 parts of a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 10-20 parts of a defluorinated phosphate fertilizer, 4-18 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of a potassium-magnesium sulfate fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc borate, 2-4 parts of iron hexaurea trinitrate, 1-2 parts of calcined argil, 1-2 parts of mica powder, 0.5-1.2 parts of sodium-base bentonite, 1-2 parts of coal slag, 10-15 parts of puffed peanut meal, 15-25 parts of manioc waste, 4-12 parts of mushroom dreg, 4-12 parts of corn germ meal, 2-6 parts of bone dreg, 20-40 parts of horse dung, 1-2 parts of sulfuric acid and 5-10 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate. The compound fertilizer contains multiple necessary major elements and micronutrient elements for the Hangzhou chili, is capable of improving the soil structure, has strong capabilities for resisting plant diseases and insect pests and can meet the requirements on the growth, development, high quality and high yield of the Hangzhou chili,the nutrients can be conveniently absorbed by the Hangzhou chili, and the indexes of forms, colors, fragrances and the like of the Hangzhou chili are obviously improved.