A dispersion compensation fiber comprises a fiber core and cladding. The fiber core is a core layer mainly doped with germanium and having a positive relative refractive index difference. The cladding covering the fiber core comprises a trench cladding mainly doped with fluorine, an annular cladding mainly doped with germanium, a matching cladding mainly doped with fluorine, and an outermost mechanical cladding in order. Relative refractive index differences of the fiber core and the claddings are respectively: Δ1% being 1.55% to 2.20%, Δ2% being −0.55% to −0.30%, Δ3% being 0.40% to 0.65%, Δ4% being −0.20% to −0.01%, and Δ5% being 0. Radius ranges, from R1 to R5, of the fiber core and the claddings are respectively: R1 being 1.4 to 1.7 μm, R2 being 4.1 to 4.8 μm, R3 being 6.7 to 8.8 μm, R4 being 10 to 17 μm, and R5 being 38 to 63 μm.