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The application provides a porous silicon substrate and a preparation method thereof, a porous silicon negative electrode material, a negative electrode sheet and a battery. The pores of the porous silicon substrate include mesopores and macropores. In the porous silicon substrate, the sum of the volumes of the mesopores is A, the sum of the volumes of the macropores is B, and the sum of the volumes of the pores is C. A / C is 60% to 72%, and B / C is 28% to 40%. When the porous silicon substrate is applied to a negative electrode material, the porous silicon substrate has a low volume expansion rate, good structural stability and a high specific capacity.