The invention discloses a tensile device and method of anti-seismic buildings, and belongs to the engineering anti-seismic technical field. The tensile device comprises pre-buried fixed tensile piecesand a follow-up limiting piece. According to the different burying positions of the pre-buried fixed tensile pieces in an anti-seismic layer, the pre-buried fixed tensile pieces include the upper pre-buried fixed tensile pieces and the lower pre-buried fixed tensile pieces; when the horizontal shearing deformation of an anti-seismic support reaches a design displacement threshold, the tensile device exerts reverse tensile force on the upper structures of the anti-seismic buildings, the anti-seismic support is prevented from continuing to deform, the horizontal displacement of the anti-seismicbuildings is prevented from exceeding the limit, and the collapsing problem of the high-rise and ultrahigh-rise anti-seismic buildings with large heights is effectively solved; most parts of the device are selected from standard parts, cost is low, construction is simple, the requirement for installation precision is not high, main parts are convenient to replace, performance is stable and controllable, the collapsing problem of anti-seismic buildings can be effectively solved, and the tensile device and method have great significance in increasing the height-width ratio limit value of the anti-seismic buildings and applying the anti-seismic technology to the ultrahigh-rise buildings.