The invention discloses a doped core-shell nanometer material and a preparation method thereof. The chemical general formula of the material is Cd1-xMxSe / ZnS, and M is one of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Bi, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu and Er. The preparation method comprises the steps that 1, a positive ion aqueous solution is prepared, a surface finishing agent is added, the pH value is adjusted, and positive ion precursor liquid is obtained; 2, Se powder is added to a NaBH4 aqueous solution, a reaction is carried out under protection of nitrogen, and negative ion precursor liquid is obtained; 3, at constant temperature, the negative ion precursor liquid and the positive ion precursor liquid are mixed for reacting, and core layer Cd1-xMxSe nanocrystalline precursor liquid is obtained; 4, a Zn<2+> and S<2-> ion aqueous solution is added through titrimetry, the reaction continues to be carried out, cooling is carried out under protection of nitrogen, detergent is added for centrifugation and washing, and the doped core-shell nanometer material is obtained. The material is free of toxins or low in toxin, and the preparation method is simple in step; the size is easy to control, and large-scale production can be achieved. A novel method is provided for preparing efficient and cheap biomedical materials.