40 results about "Degree of ionization" patented technology

The present invention relates to a solvent system with improved disintegration degree and dissolution ratio of a hardly soluble drug by highly concentrating the drug through partial ionization, and by establishing optimal conditions for enhancing bioavailability of the drug, such as the co-relation between the acid drug and the accompanied components, ionization degree of a solvent system, use of an appropriate cation acceptor, water content, selection of optimal mixing ratio of the respective components and use of specific surfactants, and to a pharmaceutical preparation comprising the same. The solvent system of the invention has advantages in that it can enhance bioavailability by improving the disintegration degree and dissolution ratio of a hardly soluble drug and also provide a capsule with a sufficiently small volume to permit easy swallowing.

PCT No. PCT/JP97/03131 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 19, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 19, 1998 PCT Filed Sep. 5, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/09813 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 12, 1998The present invention provides a container for retort packaging comprising a laminated film having an outermost layer comprising a layer formed of a cross-linked structure containing ester bonds between poly(meth)acrylic acid (A) and polyalcoholic polymer (B); a resin composition having at least the chemical structures (X) [poly(meth)acrylic acid (A) residue], (Y) [poly(meth)acrylic acid (A)-polyalcoholic polymer (B) residue] and (Z) [metal cross-linked ionic residues], wherein the degree of esterification defined by the equation: degree of esterification=c/(b+c+d) is from 0.01 to 0.5 and the degree of ionization defined by the equation: degree of ionization=c/(b+c+d) is from 0.01 to 0.9 (wherein b, c and d represent the molar ratios of the carbon-oxygen double bond in the chemical structure of the resin composition; and a gas barrier film comprising the same.

The invention relates to mass spectrometers with an ion source, comprising a UV laser system for mass spectrometric analyses with ionization of analyte molecules in a sample by matrix-assisted laser desorption, which, with very low energy losses, can produce a spatially distributed spot pattern with several intensity peaks of equal height, thus making it possible to achieve an optimum degree of ionization of analyte ions for any task. Such a spot pattern can be generated from the UV beam with high transverse coherence, using a combination of a lens array and a lens, provided that the lens array satisfies a mathematical condition for separation of the micro-lenses from each other (pitch) and their focal length. For example, a lens array with square or round lenses produces a pattern of nine and five spots, respectively. The lens arrays are inexpensive and do not require any lateral adjustment in this arrangement.

An electrically and magnetically enhanced ionized physical vapor deposition (I-PVD) magnetron apparatus and method is provided for sputtering material from a cathode target on a substrate, and in particular, for sputtering ceramic and diamond-like coatings. The electrically and magnetically enhanced magnetron sputtering source has unbalanced magnetic fields that couple the cathode target and additional electrode together. The additional electrode is electrically isolated from ground and connected to a power supply that can generate positive, negative, or bipolar high frequency voltages, and is preferably a radio frequency (RF) power supply. RF discharge near the additional electrode increases plasma density and a degree of ionization of sputtered material atoms.

An ionization air purification system for the passenger cabin of vehicles, which modifies the degree of ionization by modifying the energy levels applied to the ionization tube or ionization source proportional to the change in air flow dynamics and air quality. In one embodiment, an ionization air purification system for the passenger cabin of a vehicle is disclosed. The system includes an ionization device for purifying the air prior to entering into the passenger cabin of the vehicle; and means for modifying the degree of ionization by modifying the energy levels applied to the ionization tube or ionization source proportional to the change in air flow dynamics and/or air quality.

The invention relates to a mass spectrometer comprising a laser system for mass-spectrometric analyses with ionization of analyte molecules in a sample by matrix-assisted laser desorption. A mass spectrometer with a pulsed UV laser system produces a spatially distributed spot pattern with peaks of uniform energy density on the sample, increasing thereby the degree of ionization for analyte ions as compared to conventional spot patterns. The spot pattern with peaks of uniform energy density can be produced by homogeneous illumination of a pattern generator, for example a lens array. The homogeneous illumination can be generated by a low-cost beam-shaping element, which does not act on the UV beam but on the original infrared beam, in conjunction with changes to the beam cross-section and beam profile brought about by the nonlinear conversion crystals. This beam shaping not only produces a beam profile which illuminates the pattern generator homogeneously with low losses, but at the same time increases the efficiency of the frequency multiplication and the lifetime of the conversion crystals so that cost savings are achieved because less laser energy is required and the lifetime is increased.

The invention provides a combustible mixed gas heating device for a vehicle-mounted microwave reformer. The combustible mixed gas heating device comprises a reaction cavity, a microwave power tube, a microwave plasma reaction tube, a discharge ignition device and a microwave power absorber, wherein the microwave power absorber is arranged in the microwave plasma reaction tube and is prepared from a high-temperature-resistant microwave absorption material; the microwave absorption material absorbs most redundant microwave energy which is not absorbed by combustible mixed gas and converts the microwave energy into heat energy; the heat energy generated by the microwave absorption material is used for heating the combustible mixed gas, so that the combustible mixed gas can be preheated to increase the temperature. The reaction temperature of the combustible mixed gas is increased, so that the heat moving speed and the collision frequency of particles are increased, and the breakdown electric field intensity required for ignition can be reduced; furthermore, a reaction chain is additionally arranged, so that the degree of ionization and the rising speed of the degree of ionization are increased, the reaction rate is increased, and the energy is saved.

An acid resistant capsule comprises at least one hard capsule shell, said shell comprising: an enteric polymer having acid groups; a film-forming aid; and an alkaline material, wherein said alkaline material is present in an amount such that said carboxylic acid groups of said enteric polymer have a degree of ionization of less than 15%.

The invention provides a conus vacuum arc plasma body vaporizing ionization source. In the range of a vacuum degree of 10-10 3 Pa and under an atmosphere of various airs, a cylindrical cathode with a circular section is adopted, auxiliary anodes are positioned around the cathode, under the condition that a direct working current of 100-2000A and a working voltage of 10-40 V are continuous-adjustable, conus vacuum arc can be realized on the cathode section, therefore, metallic vapour plasma bodies with liquid drop-free, high ionization degree and high-density can be produced.

The invention provides a carbon nanotube doped ionic liquid modified butyl rubber elastomer. The butyl rubber elastomer is carbon nanotube doped imidazole ionic liquid modified bromobutyl rubber, andis prepared by mixing bromobutyl rubber, an imidazole molecular additive and carbon nanotube powder. The butyl rubber elastomer has high degree of ionization modification and good carbon nanotube dispersion performance; no further vulcanization treatment is needed, and the prepared carbon nanotube doped ionic liquid modified butyl rubber elastomer has tensile strength being more than 15 MPa and elongation at break being close to 10 times that of the traditional butyl rubber elastomer. The prepared carbon nanotube doped ionic liquid modified butyl rubber elastomer has a dielectric constant of 20 or more and a conductivity of 10<-5> S/cm under a frequency of 100 Hz at room temperature, and has high self-healing capacity under a hot pressing state. The invention provides a preparation methodof the butyl rubber elastomer.

The invention discloses a method for verifying the addition amount of hydrogen peroxide for treating nitro-oxidant wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a plurality of groupsof nitro-oxidant wastewater solutions; calculating the theoretical volume addition amounts of calibrated H2O2, respectively adding H2O2 with the addition amount increased progressively in a gradientmanner into each group of solution, and setting a blank control group; measuring and calculating the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, the concentration of nitrite nitrogen and the concentration of nitrous acid in the six groups of wastewater before neutralization, and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the neutralized wastewater by adopting a spectrophotometric method; drawing a corresponding curve graph according to measured data, and respectively calculating the ionization degree of nitrous acid in the six groups of wastewater before neutralization, the removal rate of nitrite (containing nitrous acid) and the conversion rate of nitrogen in N2O4 after neutralization; and determining the optimal addition amount of H2O2. According to the method, the addition amount of hydrogen peroxide for treating the nitro-oxidant wastewater is determined, and a theoretical basis is provided for realizing a maximum nitrogen element conversion rate anda maximum nitrite removal rate.

The invention relates to a nano-clay calcium hydroxide composite material for repairing and reinforcing as well as preparation and application of the nano-clay calcium hydroxide composite material. In-situ growth of nano-calcium hydroxide on a nano-clay sheet is realized by controlling the ionization degree of calcium ions and hydroxyl ions in a nano-clay dispersion liquid and the degree of supersaturation of a solution; further, the nano-clay calcium hydroxide composite material is prepared; after being uniformly dispersed in alcohol or alcohol-water composite liquid, the composite material is applied to functional protection such as repair and reinforcement of rock mass and surface of stone cultural relics. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the nano-clay calcium hydroxide repairing and reinforcing material is simple, the composite proportion of the clay and the calcium hydroxide is adjustable and controllable, the size is uniform, and the prepared protection liquid is high in dispersion, good in fluidity, high in permeability, good in compatibility with rock, free of soluble salt, appropriate in rigidity and hardness and appropriate in curing time. The method has high applicability, safety and durability and is free of derivative damage to stone cultural relic protection.

The invention relates to an electrodialysis device and method for separating nitric acid and acetic acid, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear fuel aftertreatment. The method comprises the following steps: under the action of a direct-current electric field, nitrate ions and acetate ions in feed liquid do directional movement towards an anode step by step under the selective permeability action of multiple layers of anion exchange membranes; nitrate ions with higher migration rate are enriched on the side close to the anode, and acetate ions with lower migration rate are enriched on the side close to the cathode. According to the device and the method provided by the invention, nitric acid/acetic acid is separated by utilizing the ionization degree difference of nitric acid and acetic acid in an aqueous solution and the ion migration speed difference under an external electric field, the separation process is simple and safe, the purity of a nitric acid product is high, and no other byproducts are generated.

The invention provides an ionization degree detecting sampling device for an electrolyte solution for hemofiltration. The device includes a movable cover, the bottom of the movable cover is fixedly installed on the top end of a hollow column, a center column penetrates an inner axis of the movable cover, and the upper end side wall of the center column is movably installed in the middle of a guiderod; and a rotating rod is movably installed at the part, located at the right side of the center column, of the guide rod, the top end of the rotating rod penetrates the top end of the movable coverand is movably connected to the upper end of a flow pipe, and the lower side of the bottom end of the flow pipe is movably connected to the upper side of a through groove. When a center shaft moves towards the right side, a pipe in the center column can be straightened, the pipe is in a straightened state in the center column, so that a period of dialysis time can be reserved for blood in the curved pipe to ensure the filtration effect, the pipe is straightened, the activity of the blood can be accelerated through shaking of the pipe, a dialysate can be promoted to balance impurities in the blood, the efficiency can be improved, and the time of triggering ischemia risk during patient dialysis can be reduced.

Provided herein are various leptonic power sources, leptonic control systems, and leptonic-powered engines. In one example, an apparatus includes a housing having apertures through which material can enter and exit, and an anode coupled to the housing upstream from a cathode. A leptonic source emits beam electrons into the housing to ionize the material into a plasma according to a selectable ionization degree and deposit charge onto the cathode to establish an electric field in the plasma. A magnetic field source produces a magnetic field in the plasma at selectable angle to the flow of the plasma to at least partially entrain plasma electrons. Ions of the plasma are accelerated downstream in the housing by the electric field and impart momentum to a portion of the material to produce a thrust proportional to the selectable ionization degree of the plasma and a selectable intensity of the electric field.

The invention discloses an ion deflection device and method, and belongs to the technical field of ion deflection. The ion deflection device comprises an ion generation cabin, wherein the upper end ofthe ion generation cabin is provided with a high voltage cabin, the right side of the ion generation cabin is provided with an ion deflection cabin, and the outer wall of the upper end of the ion deflection cabin is fixedly connected with a first position adjusting mechanism. Water molecules absorbed by the silica gel layer are excited by corona discharge electrons and the like to fly out, so water clusters can be formed, and cluster ions which are longer in service life and heavier are formed; the more water cluster molecules formed in an ion surrounding mode are, the more ions are, and themore stable the ions are; the humidity detector detects the humidity of gas in the detection chamber, so the ionization degree in the ion generation cabin can be conveniently controlled according to the humidity; by measuring and calculating the proportional relation between the push rod displacement value and the ion deviation angle, the ion deviation degree is accurately estimated and controlled, and the method is suitable for being widely used and popularized.