The invention discloses a rapid neuron staining method based on a Golgi silver staining method. The rapid neuron staining method based on the Golgi silver staining method is characterized in that according to mass volume ratio concentration, the aqueous solution with 5 % of potassium dichromate, the aqueous solution with 5 % of mercuric chloride and the aqueous solution with 5 % of potassium chromate are prepared into a Golgi silver staining solution in the volume ratio of 1:1:1, a brain tissue is soaked in the silver staining solution at 37 DEGCfor 36-48 hours, the soaked brain tissue is sliced on a vibrating slicer, tissue sections are arranged on a glass slide coated with gelatin, the tissue sections stay overnight, then conventional ammonia developing is conducted, gradient alcohol dehydration is conducted, the transparency process is conducted by xylene, finally, the tissue sections are sealed by netrual gum, and the tissue sections are observed through a microscope. According to the rapid neuron staining method based on the Golgi silver staining method, staining can be conducted on each encephalic region of the brain, the staining result is clear, details are obvious, and research staff can observe the neuron structure of the brain tissues conveniently, the convenient and fast means is provided for case analysis of nervous system lesions, and the rapid neuron staining method based on the Golgi silver staining method has significant meanings for the field of foundational research of neurology.