42 results about "Thermal depolymerization" patented technology

The invention relates to gaseous sources from which to reclaim energy using a pressurized direct contact heat exchanger, and in particular, those sources containing a condensable vapor. While the main applications involve water as the condensable vapor, the process is applicable to other vapors, e.g. those in the chemical and petroleum industries where various organic solvents are used. The reclaimed energy can be in the form of a hot fluid, process steam and or electricity. It has particular application to: a pressure combustion furnace and the DOE's Clean Coal Technology; the combustion of wet fuels (biomass, peat); pulp & paper; electrolysis of alumina or water; detoxidation, thermal depolymerization, enhanced oil recovery (and sequestering of carbon dioxide), phytotechnology,

This invention relates generally to a new method of forming semiconductor substrates with defect-free surface metallurgical features. In particular, the invention related to a method for providing surface protected ceramic green sheet laminates using at least one thermally depolymerizable surface layer. More particularly, the invention encompasses a method for fabricating semiconductor substrates wherein a thermally depolymerizable / decomposable surface film is placed over a ceramic green sheet stack or assembly prior to lamination and caused to conform to the surface topography of the green sheet during lamination. The invention also encompasses a method for fabricating surface protected green sheet laminates which can be sized or diced without causing process related defects on the ceramic surface. After lamination the thermally depolymerizable / decomposable film is conveniently and cleanly removed due to thermal depolymerization and burn-off of volatile species during the sintering process, thus providing surface defect-free ceramic substrates.

Methods of forming a plurality of axial geometry carbon structures (e.g., carbon nanotubes or carbon fibers) in situ in an electrode of an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions are provided. Electroactive particles that undergo volumetric expansion are mixed with a polymer precursor and a plurality of catalytic nanoparticles comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of: iron, nickel, cobalt, alloys, and combinations thereof to form a substantially homogeneous slurry. The slurry is applied to a substrate and then heated in an environment having a temperature of ≤about 1000° C. and in certain aspects, ≤about 895° C. to pyrolyze the polymer precursor. The plurality of catalytic nanoparticles facilitates in situ precipitation of carbon to grow a plurality of axial geometry carbon structures. After the heating, the electrode includes an electrically conductive carbonaceous porous network comprising the plurality of electroactive particles and the plurality of axial geometry carbon structures.

The present invention relates to a process for producing liquid transportation fuel (15) based on plastic waste materials (10), comprising the step of: providing (S101) plastic waste materials (10) in molten form; de-polymerizing (S103) molten plastic waste materials (10) into a reaction chamber using a limestone catalyst (20) at a temperature ranging 420 DEG C to 450 DEG C under normal atmospheric pressure condition of 1 Bar; and introducing (S106) gaseous de- polymerized products (25) to a distillation unit thereby allows the gaseous de-polymerized products (25) to be fractionally distilled and condensed into liquid transportation fuels (15).

An apparatus and process for thermally de-manufacturing tires and other materials. The apparatus is a retort chamber with various zones in which tires are combusted to provide energy for the thermal depolymerization reaction, depolymerization takes place, and products leave the retort chamber. In one embodiment, the process reacts water with iron present in steel-belted tires to produce hydrogen, which helps to break sulfur-sulfur bonds in vulcanized materials. The water also helps control the temperature of the reaction, which allows for control over the types and relative amounts of the various depolymerization products.

[Object] To provide a method for stably producing a water-absorbent resin in powder form or particle form, which has excellent physical properties such as water absorption performance and the like, without any production trouble.[Solution] A method for producing a water-absorbent resin includes mixing a monomer composition, which contains at least a monomer and a pyrolytic polymerization initiator, with an organic solvent, a temperature of the organic solvent is not lower than 70° C. at time of mixing, and when a mass per unit time of the monomer in the monomer composition to be mixed with the organic solvent is expressed as an amount per unit volume of the organic solvent, a lower limit is 0.01 g / ml / min, and an upper limit is 0.2 g / ml / min.

The invention provides a process for continuously and rapidly synthesizing methionine by the cyanohydrin method, which includes: (1) ammoniation reaction: passing ammonia and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile into a microchannel reactor for ammoniation reaction, and controlling The reaction temperature is 60-200°C, the residence time of the reactants is 0.5-8.0min, and an aqueous solution of 2-amino-4-methylthiobutyronitrile is obtained; (2) Alkaline hydrolysis reaction: the step (1) 2-amino-4-methanol The thiobutyronitrile aqueous solution and the alkali are simultaneously added into the microchannel reactor for reaction, the reaction temperature is 80-200°C, the pressure is 1.0-2.5MPa, the reaction residence time is 10-60min, and DL-methionine is obtained after post-treatment. The invention adopts ammoniation and non-catalyzed alkaline hydrolysis process to prepare methionine, which simplifies the preparation process of methionine; selects microchannel reactor to carry out ammoniation and alkaline hydrolysis reaction under catalyst-free conditions, has fast reaction time and high yield, which affects product yield The quality and quality of raw material pyrolysis polymers and side reaction products are greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the cost reduction and quality improvement of methionine in industrialization.

The invention discloses an effect improving method for progressive and classified pyrolysis and energy gathering of waste. The method aims to overcome the defects that in an existing waste pyrolysis process, dioxin is likely to be generated, the environment is polluted, the pyrolysis effect is poor, auxiliary energy consumption is needed, and the construction and operation cost of a project is high. The method comprises the steps that firstly, hot air at the temperature below 300 DEG C is introduced into waste for pyrolysis, and gas phase combustible organic matter is guided out; then the gas phase combustible organic matter is mixed with hot air at the temperature of 500 DEG C, obtained combustible smoke and the guided gas phase combustible organic matter are mixed with hot air at the temperature of 600 DEG C for incineration and pyrolysis, and heat exchange is conducted between obtained high-temperature flame gas and air; and the obtained hot air is input into the step a, the step b and the step c for utilization. The method is mainly used for harmless environment-friendly treatment of household waste and medical waste, the situation that the dioxin is generated during waste pyrolysis, and accordingly the environment is polluted can be avoided, and heat energy generated during waste pyrolysis is used for classified waste incineration and pyrolysis in the hot air mode; the energy is greatly saved, the effect is good, the efficiency is high, the investment is reduced, and the practicability is high.

A magnetic porou carbon material and preparation method thereof are disclosed. That method comprise the following steps of: under an inert atmosphere, a structure guide template, a catalyst is dispersed to an acid binding agent and an organic solvent, and the mixture is stirred by 1: 3h, adding ferrocenyl dihalogenated monome and alkynyl monomer, stirring for 24-72h at the temperature of 60-100 DEG C,, purify to obtain that core-shell composite material; The core-shell composites were dispersed in organic acids and stirred for 10-30 min, purify to obtain polymer shell; In an inert atmosphere,pyrolyzing the polymer shell to obtain magnetic porous carbon material at 500-700 DEG C; The ferrocenyldihalogenated monomer is shown in the description, wherein X is Br or I; The alkynyl monomer is shown in the description. The preparation method can control the specific surface area of the material by changing the structure of the monomer to control the pore size of the polymer. The magnetic porous material has large specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance for organic pollutants. Magnetism is good and phase separation does not occur, so the material recycling rate can be improved by magnetic recovery.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a B-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst through nonmetal liquid-phase doping, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production through photocatalytic materials. According to the prepared organic polymer semiconductor material g-C3N4 photocatalyst, cheap chemical material urea is taken as a reactant source, sodium tetraphenylborate is taken as a doping source, PEI (polyethyleneimine) is taken as a surface charge modifier, and the B-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst is successively prepared with a pyrolysis and polymerization method easy to operate. The nonmetal liquid-phase doping modified g-C3N4 photocatalyst has novel organization structure appearance, good response of visible light with wavelength larger than 420 nm and good photocatalytic hydrogen generation property, and promotes solar energy conversion into new energy under the photocatalysis action at a low cost; the provided preparation method has the advantages of cheap raw materials, simple and convenient technology and the like and has an important research value and a wide industrialized application prospect.