110 results about "Velocity of light" patented technology

A method and devices are disclosed, for tracking a radio beacon from a moving device, while the beacon transmits periodic signals, which the device detects at least at two different locations, and the device provided with information enabling determining the time difference between transmissions of these periodic signals. The method discloses a formula for estimating the angle between the course of the moving device and the beacon: ar cos [c*(TDOA12−TDOT12) / baseline12]; wherein the moving device detects signal 1 and signal 2 respectively at location 1 and location 2, the distance between these locations defined as baseline12, TDOA12 is the Time Difference of Arrival of the signals at the two locations, TDOT12 is the time difference between transmission of these signals, and c is the speed of light.

A lamination of metal wire layers forms an electromagnetic isolation structure. The metal wire layers are connected with each other by vias, so that a metal fence having a laminated structure is formed. The metal fence is provided so as to surround an element (e.g. a spiral inductor) that generates an electromagnetic field in an integrated circuit. The metal wire satisfies d≦λ / 8, WF≧5δ, and L≦λ / 20, where δ is a skin depth of an electromagnetic wave, c is a velocity of light, f is an operating frequency of the integrated circuit, d is a lateral-direction size of a metal-fence region, WF is a surrounding-line width of the metal fence, L is an interval between the vias, and λ=c / f is a wavelength of a signal. With this arrangement, it is possible to decrease electromagnetic coupling noises and coupling noises caused via the substrate.

The transparency of photoresist films to ultraviolet light may be increased without sacrificing photospeed or resolution of the photoresist by including ultraviolet light transparent nanoparticles to the photoresist formulations. The ultraviolet light transparent nanoparticles may be included in the photoresist formulations as filler to “dilute” the ultraviolet light opacity of the photoresist, as side-chains to the photoimageable species that form the photoresist matrix, or as the photoimageable species themselves that form the backbone of the photoresist matrix. The photoresist formulation may also be a hybrid solution of any of these variations on the inclusion of the ultraviolet light transparent nanoparticles. The ultraviolet light transparent nanoparticles may mostly contain carbon or silicon.

An analyzer apparatus and method of use thereof is configured to dynamically interrogate a sample. For example, an analyzer using light interrogates a tissue sample using a temporal resolution system on a time scale of less than about one hundred nanoseconds. Optionally, near-infrared photons are introduced to a sample with a known illumination zone to detection zone distance allowing calculation of parameters related to photon pathlength in tissue and / or molar absorptivity of an individual or group through the use of the speed of light and / or one or more indices of refraction. Optionally, more accurate estimation of tissue properties are achieved through use of: knowledge of incident photon angle relative to skin, angularly resolved detector positions, anisotropy, skin temperature, environmental information, information related to contact pressure, blood glucose concentration history, and / or a skin layer thickness, such as that of the epidermis and dermis.

A wireless communication system of a simple configuration enabled to perform both data communication and accurate ranging. In the system, a second wireless unit receives a ranging signal after a lapse of a propagation time since a first wireless unit transmits the ranging signal. Then, after a delay of an image elimination period, the second wireless unit transmits a response signal. The first wireless unit receives the response signal after a lapse of a propagation time. Then, the first wireless unit obtains the propagation time, during which the signal propagates between the first and second wireless unit, according to an elapsed time since the ranging signal is transmitted. The distance therebetween is obtained by dividing the obtained propagation time by the velocity of light. Before the image elimination period elapses, in order to eliminate the physical reflection of radio waves, the first wireless unit is inhibited from opening a reception gate.

The present invention relates to an optical modulator, divided into at least two active segments separated by at least one passive segment. The modulator comprises: an optical waveguide with an optical group index no having an optical signal propagating at an optical velocity vo, and a microwave transmission line with an electrical propagation index np, having an electrical signal propagating at an electrical velocity Ve. The electrical propagation index np of the unloaded microwave transmission line is lower than the optical group index no of the optical waveguide. The loading and length of the microwave transmission line are adjusted for a specific Bloch impedance and electrical velocity ve. The invention also relates to a method for adapting the impedance of an optical modulator.

The invention provides a three-station time-difference-measuring stereoscopic positioning method and aims to provide a method of rapidly acquiring all possible three-dimensional position solutions of a radiation source, wherein the solutions satisfy time difference measuring conditions. The method is achieved through the following schemes that by means of six parameters including the distances among three stations, two distance differences acquired by multiplying measured time difference values with the light velocity and the distance variable r between the radiation source and a primary station, the value range of r is acquired by using the constraining condition on whether the three stations and the radiation source can form a tetrahedron; a certain specific value in the value range of the r is given at will; and by means of the specific value and the given geographical positions of the three stations, the vertical projection coordinates of the radiation source on the plane where the three stations are located are acquired through a three-variable linear equation group; the distance h between the radiation source to the vertical projection is further calculated; and finally the radiation source coordinates XD in an earth-centered earth-fixed (ECEF) rectangular coordinate system are given in an analytic solution way through X(H) and h. By means of the method, tedious analytic solutions and discussions on the real root existence thereof are reduced.

A wireless communication system of a simple configuration enabled to perform both data communication and accurate ranging. In the system, a second wireless unit receives a ranging signal after a lapse of a propagation time since a first wireless unit transmits the ranging signal. Then, after a delay of an image elimination period, the second wireless unit transmits a response signal. The first wireless unit receives the response signal after a lapse of a propagation time. Then, the first wireless unit obtains the propagation time, during which the signal propagates between the first and second wireless unit, according to an elapsed time since the ranging signal is transmitted. The distance therebetween is obtained by dividing the obtained propagation time by the velocity of light. Before the image elimination period elapses, in order to eliminate the physical reflection of radio waves, the first wireless unit is inhibited from opening a reception gate.

A camera flash module is provided. The camera flash module may include a lens having a single refractive surface and a reflector that adjusts a direction of a light emitted from the lens. Accordingly, maintaining of a distance between a light emitting device and the lens may not be needed and thus, the camera flash module may be readily manufactured and a productivity may be improved. An error rate caused by distortion in a tilt and an optical axis between the light emitting device and the lens may be reduced. The reflector may adjust a direction of a light emitted from the lens and thus, an emission pattern requested by a camera may be satisfied, and a velocity of light may be improved. The reflector may surround the lens and thus, may prevent the lens from being detached from a light emitting device package body when an external impact occurs.

The invention relates to a wideband line source for a planar CTS (continue transverse stub) antenna. The wideband line source includes a feed network, a first rectangular waveguide and n H-faced, single-ridge and rectangular waveguide T-junctions, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the width of each H-faced, single-ridge and rectangular waveguide T-junction ranges from 1.5 Lambda to 2.3 Lambda, wherein Lambda is equal to c / f, wherein c is velocity of light, and f is a center frequency required for the design of the wideband line source; the feed network is a power divider; the n output ends of the power divider are connected with the front ends of the n H-faced, single-ridge and rectangular waveguide T-junctions in a one-to-one corresponding manner; the rear ends of the n H-faced, single-ridge and rectangular waveguide T-junctions are connected with the front end of the first rectangular waveguide; the width of the H-faced, single-ridge and rectangular waveguide T-junction array is smaller than the width of the first rectangular waveguide by 0.5 Lambda to Lambda; and the longitudinal center line of the H-faced, single-ridge and rectangular waveguide T-junction array is overlapped with the longitudinal center line of the first rectangular waveguide. The wideband line source has the advantages of small structural size, miniaturization, wide bandwidth, simple assembly and low cost.

An optical system design for measuring the velocity of fluids flowing through pipes or other conduits is disclosed. The optical system is comprised of a means for delivering two beams through a window in the wall of the pipe, focused to two points aligned along an axis of the pipe and separated by a known distance, and means for detecting light that is scattered by particles carried in the fluid stream through a second window, that is disposed on the opposite side of the pipe. By measuring the time delay between detected signals, the velocity of the fluid can be determined. The delivered light beams are focused in a shallow cone of light and are blocked by an obstruction disposed behind the second window. The scattered light passes through an aperture behind the second window that surrounds the obscuration, and is focused on to a detector surface.

A method of tracking and reporting the velocity of a hand-held paint spray gun. The object to be painted is placed in a room having one or more fiducial walls. A camera is installed on the spray gun, with its field of view toward the one or more fiducial walls. As the object is painted, the camera detects fiducials, calculates their current position, and compares current positions to previous locations to determine movement and velocity. The current velocity is compared to a stored target velocity, and audible or visible feedback is provided to the spray gun operator.

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is described. This PIC includes a semiconductor-barrier layer-semiconductor diode in an optical waveguide that conveys an optical signal, where the barrier layer is an oxide or a high-k material. Moreover, semiconductor layers in the semiconductor-barrier layer-semiconductor diode may include geometric features (such as a periodic pattern of holes or trenches) that create a lattice-shifted photonic crystal optical waveguide having a group velocity of light that is lower than the group velocity of light in the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer without the geometric features. The optical waveguide is included in an optical modulator, such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).

The invention discloses an ROADM node, an optical wavelength correction frequency shifter and an implementation method. The wavelength correction frequency shifter comprises a sawtooth wave electric signal generator and an electro-optic phase modulator, wherein the sawtooth wave electric signal generator produces continuous sawtooth wave electric signals with the repetition frequency of F, which serve as driving electric signals, and the electro-optic phase modulator loads driving electric signals to conduct frequency shift delta fi on the central wavelength of input optical signals, so that the central wavelength lambada i of input optical signals is close to the expected central wavelength lambada i-1, and c represents the velocity of light. According to the ROADM node, the optical wavelength correction frequency shifter and the implementation method, the central wavelength of input optical signals is close to the designed central wavelength of an ROADM through correction of the central wavelength of input optical signals, so that the effective bandwidth loss of the ROADM, which is caused by the multistage filtering cascaded filtering function, is reduced, an all-optical method is used for correcting the wavelength of optical signals, and the implementation method is applicable to ROADM nodes of any wavelength multiplexing wavelength division multiplex (WDM) optical networks of various transmission rates.

The invention discloses a tiled photon neural network convolution layer chip. The chip is universal for all the neutral network calculation including a convolution layer. To-be-operated data are represented in photonic integrated devices through light amplitude, a function of data operation is formed through cascaded connection and networking of the photonic integrated devices and an operation result is output in real time. By utilizing the adjustability of the photonic integrated devices, any signal can be modulated at the light amplitude, so that convolution calculation of any to-be-convoluted signal is realized. As the photonic information processing speed is at a constant level (that is velocity of light), the convolution calculation of a traditional computer framework can be increasedby multiple order magnitudes. Meanwhile, the tiled photon neural network convolution layer chip has a low energy consumption ratio.

A surface polaritons Cherenkov radiation source (SPCRS) belongs to an electromagnetic wave radiation source technology field. The radiation source comprises: an electron gun, a medium torus (or a medium cylinder) and a metal film layer deposited on an internal surface of the medium torus (or deposited on an external surface of the medium cylinder). An electron beam emitted from the electron gun is swept past from a metal film layer surface so as to excite a surface polaritons wave on the metal film layer surface. The surface polaritons wave penetrates the metal film layer and arrives at a medium material layer. When a ratio beta of a moving speed of the electron beam emitted by the electron gun to a light velocity in vacuum and a refractive index n of the medium material layer satisfy a Cerenkov radiation condition which is n beta>1, the surface polaritons wave is converted into the Cerenkov radiation in the medium material layer. A radiation frequency is determined by the frequency of the surface polaritons wave excited by the electron beam. Through changing moved electron energy, the frequency of the excited surface polaritons wave can be changed so as to tune the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation source. The radiation source of the invention has a small size, a narrow bandwidth and a low voltage, and is tunable and easy to be integrated.

An electronic device includes a transmitter circuit, a receiver circuit, a first conductor, and a second conductor of a return path being a grounded line. The first conductor is surrounded by a dielectric. A plurality of resistive elements are connected in parallel between the first conductor and the second conductor. The first conductor transfers therethrough a transmission signal from the transmitter circuit. The length of the line of the first conductor is set to be greater than or equal to one half of the product between the inverse of the signal transfer rate of the first conductor and the velocity of light traveling through the dielectric. The resistive elements are provided along the line of the first conductor for every unit distance being equal to one half of the product between the signal transfer rate of the first conductor and the velocity of light traveling through the dielectric. Thus, it is possible to reduce the signal waveform distortion along the transmission line.

The design for distance to multi aperture receiving width measuring band synthetic aperture radar provides its optimal signal to noise ratio design principle, with theta0 being the center angle of the measuring band inner wave beam, r0 the corresponding slant distance of the wave beam center line, C being the optical speed, RE being the radius of the local earth, H synthetic aperture radar platform height, Fr pulse repeated frequency, D sub antenna distance oriented space, lambada wavelength, N measuring band number. It solves the conflict of the directional resolution and measuring bandwidth.

The invention discloses a method and a device for estimating the moving velocity of a terminal. The method comprises the following steps: a, calculating Doppler frequency shift delta(f) and a first derivative delta(f') of the delta(f); and b, utilizing the calculated delta(f) and delta(f') to obtain the moving velocity of the terminal v according to a formula shown on the right. In the formula, cis the velocity of light; and f0 is centre carrier frequency. The method in the invention can accurately estimate the moving velocity of the terminal by utilizing the formula shown on the right.

The invention provides an electro-optic analog-digital conversion method based on cascade structural LiNbO3 waveguide M-Z intensity modulator array; by arranging the number and direct current polarization of M-Z intensity modulators in the cascade structural LiNbO3 waveguide M-Z intensity modulator array, an output light intensity function of corresponding bits is obtained; identical modulation signal voltage is applied on each M-Z modulator of the cascade structural LiNbO3 waveguide M-Z intensity modulator array to carry out intensity modulation on the sampling light pulse so as to obtain light sampling of the modulation signal; light threshold is set to obtain phase bit code of the sampling light pulse followed by light-electricity conversion and comparison to obtain the phase bit code, thus realizing electro-optic analog-digital conversion. The electro-optic analog-digital conversion method based on cascade structural LiNbO3 waveguide M-Z intensity modulator array provided by the invention enhances preciseness of analog-digital conversion by adding number of cascade intensity modulators, overcomes the limit of Taylor scheme on sampling preciseness, which is mainly caused by index increase of electrode length along with the increase of bits. On the other hand, the invention inherits the characteristics of high sampling velocity of light sampling, thus having the characteristics of high sampling preciseness and high sampling velocity.

The invention discloses a construction method for high-precision control measurement of a cast-in-situ faced concrete wind tunnel. A forced centering device is installed on a control point column; theoverall layout of a control point is established by adopting a most stable triangular network; the stability and reliability of the control point are detected, corresponding guarantee measures are adopted, and a highly stable and reliable measurement control network is formed; in each step of the construction process, more than two construction control measurement methods and a guarantee measureare adopted, including a coordinate method, a suspension method, a light velocity method, a three-dimensional laser scanning method, a BIM modeling method and the like, so that a stable system with aplurality of measurement methods checking each other is formed, and the use precision, stability and reliability of traditional lofting control points and control lines are improved.

The invention aims to provide a Fourier transformation interferometer spectrometer of high spectral resolution, small volume and high stability. The spectrometer can be used for measuring spectrum and is based on the slow light velocity controllable technology. The spectrometer changes the traveling time of light in limited distance by utilizing the slow light technology, that is, utilizing the technology to change the optical path difference between two light paths on the part of interferometer in the spectrometer and enlarging the optical path difference, thus obviously improving the spectrum sensitivity of the spectrometer, eliminating a control system and a collimating system required for moving a reflecting mirror, simplifying the spectrometer, eliminating vibration and positioning error and improving stability.

The present invention relates to an optical modulator, divided into at least two active segments separated by at least one passive segment. The modulator comprises: an optical waveguide with an optical group index no having an optical signal propagating at an optical velocity vo, and a microwave transmission line with an electrical propagation index np, having an electrical signal propagating at an electrical velocity Ve. The electrical propagation index np of the unloaded microwave transmission line is lower than the optical group index no of the optical waveguide. The loading and length of the microwave transmission line are adjusted for a specific Bloch impedance and electrical velocity ve. The invention also relates to a method for adapting the impedance of an optical modulator.

A comprehensive microwave experiment device is provided, which comprises a microwave oscillator, an isolator, a crystal wave detector, an oscillograph, a microwave cymometer, a resonant cavity, a electromagnet and a shorting piston linked in sequence. The device is characterized in that: the resonant cavity and the shorting piston can be replaced by the standing wave measuring line, total reflection copperplate and multi-aperture copper reflector, and student experiments of three modern physics projects on electron paramagnetic resonance, light velocity measurement and the research on microwave characteristics can be carried out.

The invention provides a three-dimensional high-speed wide view field tomography method and a device thereof. The method comprises the following steps: 1, generating light beams; 2, performing high-speed space-time focusing surface scanning: performing dispersion and parallel collimation on the light beams, applying different phases to the light beams with different wavelengths / frequencies to carry out modulation in order to make the light beams have different time delays, and converging the modulated light beams onto a sample in order to form a focusing surface; 3, performing expanded field depth detection: arranging a high-speed zoom lens on the conjugate plane of the pupil entrance surface of an objective lens for lights formed by exiting the sample to achieve excitation end axial scanning synchronized imaging of object planes with different depths; and 4, simultaneously controlling: simultaneously controlling the light velocity modulation in the high-speed space-time focusing surface scanning step and the high-speed zoom lens in the developed field depth detection step. The method can improve the imaging speed and realize the high-time resolution three-dimensional imaging underthe premise of ensuring the spatial resolution.

A lamination of metal wire layers forms an electromagnetic isolation structure. The metal wire layers are connected with each other by vias, so that a metal fence having a laminated structure is formed. The metal fence is provided so as to surround an element (e.g. a spiral inductor) that generates an electromagnetic field in an integrated circuit. The metal wire satisfies d‰ » / 8, WF‰¥5´, and L‰ » / 20, where ´ is a skin depth of an electromagnetic wave, c is a velocity of light, f is an operating frequency of the integrated circuit, d is a lateral-direction size of a metal-fence region, WF is a surrounding-line width of the metal fence, L is an interval between the vias, and »=c / f is a wavelength of a signal. With this arrangement, it is possible to decrease electromagnetic coupling noises and coupling noises caused via the substrate.

The invention relates to a nuclear reactor and a flying disk manufactured with the nuclear reactor. Jet devices of the nuclear reactor are distributed on a flywheel and communicated with an air inlet, a fuel pipe is arranged corresponding to the air inlet, combustion chambers are arranged in the jet devices, the center of the flywheel is provide with a flywheel shaft. The nuclear reactor is realized and the nuclear reacting is utilized at the same time, therefore nuclear fusion reaction is realized; new elements and new materials are created, energy and resource problems are solved; and the equipment is simple. The flying disk provided with the nuclear reactor can achieve vertical take-off and landing, has low cost, high speed and super velocity of light; meanwhile, the flying disk can dive into the sea, displacing submarines.

The invention relates to a projection device which comprises: an optical assembly, a body and a camera lens arranged on the body. Internal light beams of the body are projected through the camera lens so as to form an image in a first imaging area. The optical assembly is detachably arranged on a light path of the camera lens so as to reflect the light beams projected by the camera lens and to make the reflection light beams to form the image in a second imaging area. The first imaging area is intersected with the second imaging area. In the projection device, the light path of the light beam projected by the camera lens is changed by the optical assembly which is arranged on the light path of the camera lens so that the imaging of the projection device can switch between the first imaging area and the second imaging area. Furthermore, a projection direction of the projection device can be changed.

The invention discloses a system using an electronic deflection to form flying spot radiation and a flying spot scanning method. The system comprises an X-ray source and a pinhole device, wherein the X-ray source has a deflecting coil, an electron emitted by a cathode is deflected by a magnetic field of the deflecting coil to form a deflection electron, the deflection electron falls on an anode target spot to form an X-ray beam, and a transmission is performed by the pinhole device to the X-ray beam to form a flying spot. By mean of the embodiment of the system and the method using the electronic deflection to form the flying spot, the movement speed of the flying spot is not limited by the mechanical motion, the light velocity can be theoretically reached, and the scanning efficiency using the flying spot is improved.

The invention belongs to the photoelectric detection technology, relating to a detection method for measuring speed errors of a laser velocimeter and a detection device thereof, wherein the invention uses the time difference(t) to be multiplied by the light velocity to represent the distance; as for the laser velocimeter sending measuring impulses at a fixed cycle, the continuously changing distance is of a diffuse reflection echo wave of a moving object, and the velocity value of the moving object is obtained by the laser velocimeter receiving the echo wave; the standard laser velocity value can be freely set and is constantly unchanged during a measuring process of the velocimeter, thereby ensuring the quality of speed measurement. The method can freely set the distance of the moving object and imitate speeds of the object in different distances; if the time difference (t) evenly increases or decreases, a moving object which moves away or moves closer in an uniform velocity is created.