The invention discloses an automatic temperature control lower reverse combustion type coal-fired boiler. The automatic temperature control lower reverse combustion type coal-fired boiler comprises a boiler body, a water heating layer, a coal feeding inlet, an ash outlet, a smoke outlet, a waste heat water tank, an electrical appliance protective cover, an observation opening, an automatic reciprocating grate and a linkage arm, wherein the water heating layer is arranged around the boiler body, a heat flow buffer chamber is formed by the water heating layer in the boiler body, the waste heat water tank is arranged outside the water heating layer, and a lower reverse combustion heating pipe is arranged in the boiler body; the automatic reciprocating grate is arranged in the boiler body, an upper combustor is arranged above the automatic reciprocating grate, a lower combustor is arranged below the automatic reciprocating grate, and a temperature sensor is arranged on the boiler body. According to the structure of the automatic temperature control lower reverse combustion type coal-fired boiler, the upper combustor and the lower combustor are formed so as to achieve the purpose of complete combustion, combustion can be conducted for 3-5 days when a coal storage bin is filled with coal, fire banking can be conducted for seven days, the temperature is automatically controlled, the automatic acousto-optical indication is given when coal deficiency exists, ash falls off through the automatic reciprocating grate, drinkable hot water can be obtained for a long time, thermal efficiency is high, the temperature rise is rapid, installation and maintenance are convenient, and the automatic temperature control lower reverse combustion type coal-fired boiler is applicable to civil heating and heating for small enterprises.