The invention relates to the technical field of
building construction foundation pit excavation, and discloses a foundation pit excavation drilling device and method for
building construction, the device comprises a drilling
assembly, the bottom end of the drilling
assembly is slidably connected with reaming assemblies in an array mode, a hydraulic driving part is arranged in the drilling
assembly, and a rotating driving part is arranged at the top end of the drilling assembly; the top end of the drilling assembly is rotationally connected with a guide assembly, a
hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the surface of the guide assembly, and a
muck guide part is fixedly installed on the inner side of the bottom end of the guide assembly. When the
drill bit drills to a preset depth, an
electric control valve is closed, hydraulic oil is conveyed into an
oil storage barrel through an oil injection
pipe, so that the
hydraulic pressure in a hydraulic cavity is increased, a
piston plate is driven to move downwards, a sliding column extrudes a sliding block downwards, and a crushing blade extends out of the
drill bit to be matched with rotation of the
drill bit to enlarge the
diameter of a drilled hole; and an assembly body of the
drill bit and the crushing blade moves upwards while rotating, so that the purpose of conveniently reaming after drilling is achieved.