The invention relates to an efficient laser drilling and cleaning optical system, and belongs to the technical field of laser scanning. The efficient laser drilling and cleaning optical system comprises a shell, an upper cover, an optical fiber collimating coupler, a coupler flange, a field lens assembly, an electrical connector, a beam expander assembly, a reflector assembly, a polygonal mirror assembly, a motor assembly and a photoelectric switch assembly, wherein the optical fiber collimating coupler, the coupler flange, the field lens assembly, and the electrical connector are arranged onthe outer side of the shell, and the beam expander assembly, the reflector assembly, the polygonal mirror assembly, the motor assembly and the photoelectric switch assembly are arranged in the shell.The optical fiber collimating coupler is connected to the side face of the shell through the coupler flange, the beam expander assembly is arranged in the laser entering direction of the optical fibercollimating coupler, and the reflector assembly is arranged in the laser entering direction of the beam expander assembly, and reflects lasers to the polygonal mirror assembly. The motor assembly isconnected to the polygonal mirror assembly in a transmitting mode to drive the polygonal mirror assembly to rotate, and the field lens assembly is arranged in the laser reflection direction of the polygonal mirror assembly. According to the efficient laser drilling and cleaning optical system, the speed of laser scanning can be greatly increased, so that the efficiency of laser drilling or laser cleaning is improved.