The invention relates to a monodisperse hollow mesoporous silicon oxide microsphere material and a double-surfactant induced assembly preparation method thereof. The monodisperse hollow mesoporous silicon oxide microsphere material has a hollow microsphere morphology, the microsphere diameter size is 200-1000nm, the hollow size of 50-700nm, an outer shell adopts a mesoporous structure, the shell thickness is 50-500nm, the mesoporous size is 2-20nm, the specific surface area of the microspheres is 700-1200m<2>/g, and the pore volume is 0.3-0.85cm<3>/g. During preparation, an induced self-assembly method under mutual assistance of two surfactants, namely a nonionic amphiphilic triblock polymer surfactant and an ionic organic surfactant, is adopted, and in a simple mixed solvent of alcohol and water, in a sol-gel way of dropwise adding a silicon source precursor, centrifuging, washing and calcinating treatment is performed to obtain the size-controllable, monodisperse, mesoporous, high-specific surface area and large-pore volume silicon oxide microsphere material. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple operation, good repeatability, easy obtainment ofraw materials, low cost, capability of achieving industrial preparation and the like.