The invention discloses a big data network-based signal filtering data transmission system, which comprises a signal source access end, a port optical transceiver, a computer, a data operating system, a data compression module, a wireless router, a signal filter, a file cache library, a signal return module, a signal firewall, a data processing module and a wireless transmission module, the signal source access end is used for accessing a light source signal of an external server, the port optical transceiver is used for receiving the light source signal connected with the signal source access end and accessing a signal source to the computer, and the computer accesses a network signal through the port optical transceiver and generates data resources needing to be transmitted at the same time. The data operating system is used for generating data resources needing to be circulated by a computer and can support online modification of the data resources, and the data compression module is used for compressing the data resources generated by the data operating system; and according to the invention, the penetrating power of signal transmission is increased, and the transmission range can be controlled, so that the data transmission safety and the transmission efficiency are improved.