The invention relates to a bench-scale dynamic membrane bioreactor capable of continuously updating a dynamic membrane, which is characterized in that: a container is divided into an upper aerobic zone and a lower anoxic zone by a separating orifice plate, and an aerator group is arranged on the separating orifice plate; a microgrid component consists of a wave curve-shaped microgrid net body, a casing, a bottom net, 2 to 3 layers of spherical porcelain granules uniformly spread on the bottom net, a backwash nozzle, an air-jet wash-out brush head, a hollow shaft tube, and a rotation driving mechanism, wherein backwash nozzle and the air-jet wash-out brush head are arranged above and under the net body respectively and are positioned on the same plane, and the hollow shaft tube and the rotation driving mechanism drive the backwash nozzle and the air-jet wash-out brush head to rotate continuously; the microgrid component is arranged on the top of a tank horizontally; and the center of the microgrid net body is provided with the hollow tube the inside of which has a built-in separating plate, the part, above the separating plate, of the shaft tube is connected with the rotation driving mechanism, a water source and the backwash nozzle, the part, blow the separating plate, of the shaft tube is connected with an air source and the air-jet wash-out brush head, and the lower end of the hollow shaft tube rotates and is connected with the aerator group in a sealing mode. The invention has the advantages of improving denitrification and dephosphorization effect, achieving microfiltration solid-liquid separation effect, ensuring effluent flux and optimizing and simplifying power and control systems.