The invention discloses a preparation method of a nanocarbon conductive fiber yttrium-barium-copper superconducting material, which is made from, by weight, 4.2-5.1 parts of graphene-coated yttrium powder, 4.8-5.2 parts of barium oxide, 5.1-5.3 parts of copper oxide, 1.7-1.8 parts of benzoic acid, 2.1-2.2 parts of methyl methacrylate, 1.3-1.5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3.2-3.5 parts of sodium stearate, 2.2-2.5 parts of potassium carbonate, 1.3-1.5 parts of quicklime, and 1.7-1.9 parts of polyethylene glycol. The preparation method is simple. Yttrium powder is added to a nanocarbonconductive fiber material solution, so that nanocarbon conductive fibers coat yttrium powder. The obtained product isn't agglomerated after thermal treatment. The nanocarbon conductive fibers uniformly closely combine with yttrium powder, so that the conductivity of yttrium powder is improved. The obtained product is high in critical transition temperature, good in superconducting performance, high in critical current density, good in current carrying performance, less in energy dissipation, low in production cost, and high in practical value.