The invention provides a detection method for effective components of an astragalus Salvia Miltiorrhiza qi-benefiting dropping pill. The method includes identification of panax notoginseng, astragalus and Dalbergia odorifera and tanshinol content determination. Specifically, the method consists of: preparing a panax notoginseng and astragalus test solution, preparing a panax notoginseng and astragalus reference solution, conducting panax notoginseng and astragalus thin-layer identification, preparing a Dalbergia odorifera test solution, preparing a Dalbergia odorifera reference drug solution, performing Dalbergia odorifera thin-layer identification, and determining the tanshinol content by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Tests show that the method has very good linearity, repeatability, reproducibility and stability, as well as high recovery rate, and is conducive to more comprehensive control of the quality of the astragalus Salvia Miltiorrhiza qi-benefiting dropping pill.