62 results about "Soil chemistry" patented technology

The invention relates to a planting method of Chinese trichosanthes, belonging to the technical field of plantation and comprising the steps of: variety breeding, seedling reproduction, transplanting, field management, disease and pest control, harvesting and processing, wherein the variety breeding step includes the sub-steps of the tests in different production places, amplification and verification tests, resistance test, field pest investigation and trichosanthes nematode control; the seedling reproduction step includes the sub-steps of seed reproduction and root reproduction; the transplanting step includes the sub-steps of land selection and preparation, ridging, reproduction and planting, planting method implementation and field management; the land selection and preparation step includes the sub-steps of detection on chemical characteristic of soil, basic fertilizer application and disinfection; the reproduction and planting step includes the sub-steps of seed bud selection, rood cutting and breeding, planting and shed putting up; the planting method implementation step includes the sub-steps of planning density control and staminiferous plant matching; the filed management step includes the sub-steps of intertillagement and weeding, top application, shed putting up, pruning and cold prevention, in particular to intertillagement and weeding, root airing, intercrop, earthing, vine supporting and racking, top application, pruning, flower and fruit protection, chemical control and foliage application; and the disease and pest control step includes the sub-steps of control of diseases and pest and control method implementation.

The invention relates to soil heavy metal pollution treatment technology, in particular to a chemical leaching restoration method used for heavy metal and arsenic mercury polluted soil. Prior soil chemical leaching restoration methods concentrate on the polluted soil caused by one or a plurality of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, etc.,), which do not have ideal restoration effect to soil with the pollution of both arsenic in the form of negative ions and mercury which is volatile metal. Aiming at the problem, the method uses the combination of three reagents, namely, Na2EDTA, oxalic acid and KI and leaching method with fractional steps for realizing the chemical restoration of the cadmium, the copper, the lead, the zinc, the arsenic and the mercury, etc., in the polluted soil so that the heavy metal in the polluted soil can reach the environmental safety standards. The soil after the leaching treatment is washed by water, and then is refilled in the original position; therefore, no secondary pollution can be caused.

The invention provides a phosphorus dissolvable penicillium oxalicum P8, which has the function of dissolving various kinds of indissolvable phosphorus in soil, is suitable for red soil in the South,black soil, drab soil and moisture soil in the North and other types of soil, and has various functions of improving the crop yield, activating the indissolvable phosphorus in the soil, preventing thesoil chemical fixation of phosphorus fertilizers and improving the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus fertilizers.

We describe a soil chemistry sensor for in-situ soil chemistry sensing, the sensor comprising a probe incorporating a first, ion-selective electrode and a second, reference electrode, wherein said ion-selective electrode comprises a first-electrode housing defining a first lumen having an ion-selective plug towards a distal end, said first-electrode including a first conductor in a first electrolyte, wherein said reference electrode comprises a second electrode housing defining a second lumen having a porous reference electrode plug towards a distal end, said second electrode including a second conductor in a second electrolyte, wherein said ion-selective plug and said porous reference electrode plug are within 10 mm of one another, and wherein said porous reference electrode plug and said ion-selective plug each comprise a polymer.

The invention discloses a new remediation method for soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon. The new remediation method comprises the steps of (1) pretreatment; (2) solubilizing treatment; (3) chemical oxidation treatment of the soil; (4) supernate fluid reuse and chemical oxidation treatment. The new remediation method aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, in the process of treating the soil contaminated by the petroleum hydrocarbon through a chemical method, the consumption of chemicals is huge, the treatment cost is high and chemical residuals easily cause secondary pollution. Thus, an environment-friendly remediation technology capable of remedying the oil-contaminated soil and treating secondary pollution generated in the remediation process is provided.

The invention discloses a chemical-giant reed combined ecological recovery method of polymetal polluted soil in mining and metallurgy zones. According to the method, ecological recovery of the polymetal polluted soil in mining and metallurgy zones is carried out with the combination of a soil chemical modifier and by a reasonable cultivation technology of giant reed with strong anti-adversity ability, fast growth speed and large biomass. In the planting year, a proper amount of base fertilizer is applied to promote rapid survival and reproduction of giant reed seedling. In the next year, giant reed grows and reproduces automatically and an ecological system is gradually formed. After chemical-giant reed combined ecological recovery of the polymetal polluted soil, the concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in underground water reaches Underground Water Quality Standard (GB / T14848-93) III; and the giant reed overground part biomass dry weight per year can reach 15000kg / ha. After charingor liquefaction, the giant reed harvest can be returned to a heavy metal technology as a bio-energy raw material for comprehensive utilization.

The invention discloses a soil chemical stabilizer formula and an application. The formula is characterized by comprising raw material components in parts by weight: 70-93 parts of sulfuric acid, 3-30parts of rosin oil, 1-6 parts of wetting agent, 0.5-1.7 parts of dispersing agent and 0.3-1.5 parts of thickening agent. Soil and the soil chemical stabilizer are stirred evenly for compaction and maintenance under the condition of the optimum water content, wherein the addition amount of the soil chemical stabilizer accounts for 0.01-0.04% of the soil; the soil chemical stabilizer can be used independently, while a little of concrete or lime needs to be added in many cases; the construction of the stabilizer adopts traditional equipment, and the construction method is the same as the conventional process. The soil chemical stabilizer has the characteristics of low cost, excellent performance and environmental friendly materials, and can be widely applied in the fields, such as subgrade construction, water conservancy construction, country roads, temporary sites, low cost road pavements, wall building and brick making and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil disinfection and improvement, in particular to an abandoned ginseng land soil improvement method. The technical scheme includes that the abandoned ginseng land soil improvement method includes the steps: sequentially disinfecting and restoring soil to be disinfected; performing plant restoration for the soil to be disinfected. Soil disinfection includes physical soil disinfection and chemical soil disinfection. The invention further provides a special device for physical soil disinfection and chemical soil disinfection. Compared with the prior art, the abandoned ginseng land soil improvement method has the advantages that abandoned ginseng land soil is improved by transforming and comprehensively using abandoned ginseng land, soil productivity is restored, and the abandoned ginseng land is reused by successive cropping. A soil environment more beneficial to ginseng growth is created, forest resources and the standing stock of ginseng under forest are increased, special machinery is used for operations such as disinfection, manpower cost is reduced, and working efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a chemical oxidation repair method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soil, belonging to the technical field of soil remediation. The chemical oxidation repair method of the PAH contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following technological processes: (1) screening and crushing: screening the PAH contaminated soil to remove construction wastes with particle sizes larger than 50 mm, and then sending the screened contaminated soil to crushing equipment for crushing so as to obtain fine-grained contaminated soil with particle sizes smallerthan or equal to 20mm; (2) feeding chemical and mixing: adding a sodium persulfate agent in to fine-grained contaminated soil, and mixing; (3) stockpiling and curing: placing the soil, mixed with thechemical, in a cool place, and stockpiling and curing for 6-8 days so as to obtain chemically oxidized repaired soil. The chemical oxidation repair method of the PAH contaminated soil has the advantages of being short in technological process, high in treatment efficiency, easy in engineering application, remarkable in economic, environmental and social benefits, and the like.

The invention discloses a chemical fixation-biomass improvement coupled repairing method of cadmium zinc combined polluted acidic soil, comprising the following steps of: crushing the cadmium zinc combined pollutant acidic soil and sieving through a sieve with the aperture being 2mm, adding a CaCO3 powder, uniformly mixing the CaCO3 powder with the polluted soil, spraying a Na2S solution until the water content in the soil reaches 60-75 wt% of field moisture capacity, horizontally shaking for 2h, standing for 1 day until heavy metal cadmium and zinc in the soil are fixed and repaired, adding 2-5 wt% of pig manure into the soil, uniformly mixing, and standing for 1-2 months. By the adoption of the method to repair the cadmium zinc polluted acidic soil, the clearance of waste-soluble Cd in the soil reaches 100%, the clearance of available Cd reaches more than 88%, and the clearance of water-soluble Zn reaches more than 95%. Soil organic matter and available nutrients all reach medium fertility level and are beneficial to vegetation recovery. In the meantime, the invention has advantages of simple technology, low cost, fast effectiveness and long-term stability of heavy metal.

The invention relates to a soil corrosion prediction technology, in particular to a method for predicting the soil corrosion rate of metal material, which is mainly applied to the soil corrosion prediction research on regional carbon steel. The metal material serves as test material, test points are selected in an area which needs to be predicted, a test is taken according to 'Soil Corrosion Test Method of Materials' developed by a national soil corrosion test website, and simultaneously, the chemical components of the soil of all the test points are monitored, and the test cycle is 1 to 2 years; after the test, the rust of the test material is removed, after a sample is dried and weighed, the corrosion weight loss is calculated, and simultaneously, the chemical components of the soil of all the test points are calculated; a statistical method of stepwise regression analysis is adopted for regression analysis, a regression equation is established, and the soil corrosion rate of the area which needs to be predicted is predicted with the regression equation. The method for predicting the soil corrosion rate of metal material has reoccurrence, and can predict the soil corrosion of metal material.

The invention relates to the multidisciplinary fields such as soil microbiology, soil chemistry, ecology, molecular biology, environmental science, physical geography, global climate change and the like, and specifically provides equipment for determining field rhizosphere soil in-situ zymogram, and a method for determining field rhizosphere soil in-situ zymogram by using the equipment. With the equipment and the method of the present invention, the field rhizosphere soil in-situ zymogram can be successfully determined, the determining is rapid and convenient, and the equipment and the methodcan be used for the research on the influence of roots, litter falls, soil animals, biological pores and the like on the activity of extracellular enzymes related to soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.

The invention provides a method for rapidly identifying the variety and the quantity of species of a moderately severe soda salinized grassland soil seed bank. The invention relates to a rapid identification method of the salinized grassland soil seed bank. The method disclosed by the invention aims to solve the problems that the consumed time is long and the separation is difficult in a conventional method for identifying the soil seed bank. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of: sieving the taken soil, adding acid into a soil sample water solution, agitating, filtering and standing to obtain seeds in the soil; washing by utilizing water and drying; and finally, recording and identifying the variety and the quantity of the species. Compared with a conventional direct manual picking method, the method is simple and feasible; the time is shortened by about 15 times and the efficiency is improved; the separation accuracy is guaranteed; the acid is added into the soil solution to neutralize alkaline salts in the soil; meanwhile, chemical properties and physical properties of the soil are changed and the problems that the salt content of soft soda saline-alkali soil is high, the pH (Potential of Hydrogen) is high, the physical properties are worsened and the like are solved; and the method disclosed by the invention can be used for rapidly identifying the moderately severe soda salinized grassland soil seed bank.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil chemical-covering mulching film of crops, particular relates to a fully bio-degradable liquid mulching film. The fully bio-degradable liquid mulching film is characterized in that the liquid mulching film is prepared from raw materials by weight percentage: 20-30 percent of staw liquid, 20-30 percent of humic acid, 10 percent of film-forming agent, 10 percent of stabilizer, 2 percent of surfactant and the rest of water. The production process is as follow: pressurizing and stewing staws in a solution of caustic soda, and adding the humic acid regenerated by natural weathered coal to be stewed for 60 minutes at 80 DEG C; and finally sequentially adding the film-forming agent, the stabilizer and the surfactant, and stirring and cooling to obtain the liquid mulching film. The liquid mulching film is in a colloidal state at normal temperature, and the liquid mulching film is diluted with water to be sprayed on the soil surface to become the film. The liquid mulching film has the functions of warming, preservation of soil moisture and water retention for humidification of a plastic mulching film and also has the function that the mulching film is automatically degraded to become a humic acid fertilizer to improve the soil aggregate structure.

The invention relates to a method for extracting, separating and purifying micro-plastics in soil, and belongs to the technical field of soil chemical analysis. According to the method, analyzed soil samples are classified according to the difference of soil textures, namely sandy soil, loam and clay, and different extraction and separation methods are adopted for samples of different soil types; in order to promote dissolution of some mineral components in the soil and reduce coagulation of soil particles, and hydrochloric acid is added into a saturated zinc chloride suspension; the soil suspension is subjected to ultrasonic treatment and oscillation, the soil aggregate structure is broken, and separation of micro-plastics and impurity components is promoted; and after the suspension is subjected to static layering and separation, a sample is subjected to a Fenton reaction, and soil organic matter interference is removed.

The invention discloses an alkali-affected soil amendment and its preparation method. According to the invention, cotton stalk is carbonized to prepare cotton stalk charcoal; moisture content of desulfurized gypsum is controlled; and cotton stalk charcoal, desulfurized gypsum, fulvic acid and compound sodium nitrate are mixed according to a certain ratio so as to prepare the alkali-affected soil amendment. The alkali-affected soil amendment contains, by weight, 200-300 parts of cotton stalk charcoal, 500-800 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 100-200 parts of fulvic acid and 2-5 parts of compound sodium nitrate. The prepared alkali-affected soil amendment can improve chemical composition of soil by replacing lots of sodium ions in soil. Thus, soil forms an aggregated structure, water permeability and air permeability of soil are enhanced, and a good environment is created for the growth of crops. The alkali-affected soil amendment plays an important role and is of great significance.

The invention relates to a method for predicting soda salinization and alkalization indexes, in particular to a method for predicting soda salinization and alkalization indexes through soil pH. The method solves the problems that the existing determination period for obtaining the chemical indexes of the soda saline-alkali soil is long, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed for support. The method comprises the following steps: 1, measuring soil pH; and 2, predicting according to a regression prediction equation. The method is scientific and accurate in prediction data, saves a large amount of soda saline alkali soil chemical index determination time and manpower and material resources, and is a high-throughput prediction method for soda saline alkali soil chemical indexes.

The invention discloses a soil restoration conditioner for controlling cadmium pollution. The soil restoration conditioner comprises 40-50 parts of lime, 45-60 parts of peat and 3-8 parts of zinc sulfate. It is prepared by drying, crushing, sieving, stirring and mixing lime, zinc sulfate and peat according to the weight ratio. The soil remediation conditioner of the present invention can simultaneously have the characteristics of increasing soil pH, reducing active Cd effective state, preventing soil chemical and physical properties from deteriorating, and increasing soil organic matter. Combine the adjustment of soil acidity barriers, the restoration of soil heavy metal pollution and the improvement of soil fertility to avoid the problems of poor governance efficiency, soil compaction, salinization, loss of organic matter and N, P, K elements, and nutrient imbalance caused by a single component. To achieve comprehensive treatment of cadmium-contaminated acidic soil, the purpose of coexistence of restoration and fertilizer use.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and discloses auxiliary equipment for contaminated soil chemical drug remediation. The equipment comprises a rotating shaft, a meshingrod is movably connected to the surface of the rotating shaft, remediation plates are movably connected to the left end and the right end of the meshing rod, liquid storage tanks are connected into the remediation plates, and sliding rails are arranged in the liquid storage tanks. Sliding blocks are movably connected to the surfaces of the sliding rails, flow control plates are movably connectedto one sides of the sliding blocks, compression springs are movably connected to the sides, away from the flow control plates, of the sliding blocks, flow guide pipes are movably connected to the ends, away from the sliding blocks, of the compression springs, and adjusting pipes are movably connected to the surfaces of the flow guide pipes. Due to the fact that the original driving force for medicament outflow is the rotating centrifugal force of the rotating shaft, the longer the rotating centrifugal force of the rotating shaft lasts, the larger the distance drilled into soil is, the larger the medicament outflow amount is, and the effect that the medicament mixing amount is in direct proportion to the distance deep into soil to avoid medicament waste is achieved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a soil chemical oxidation restoration additive. The method comprises the following steps: performing chemical reaction for reductive xylose and alpha-amino acid at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, soaking obtained black precipitates into a strong alkaline solution, then dropwise adding a strong acid solution, precipitating the dissolved components, thus obtaining the soil chemical oxidation restoration additive; the additive is directly added into organic matters polluted soil, a potassium peroxodisulfate solution and a hydrogen peroxide solution are used as an oxidant, intrinsic iron-containing compounds in the soil are used as a catalyst, the organic pollutants in the soil are oxidized and degraded; and the preparation method is simple in process, moderate in conditions, low in cost, environment-friendly and capable of realizing mass production; and when the organic matter polluted soil is restored, the organic pollutants are efficiently and rapidly degraded, the secondary pollution is avoided, and the application prospect is wide.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil disinfection and improvement, in particular to a soil improvement method for abandoned ginseng fields. The technical solution of the present invention is realized in the following way: a soil improvement method for discarded ginseng field, comprising the steps of soil disinfection, soil remediation, and phytoremediation for the soil to be sterilized sequentially, and the soil disinfection includes soil physical disinfection and soil chemical disinfection method, the present invention also provides a technical scheme of a special device for soil physical disinfection and soil chemical disinfection. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that the soil of the abandoned ginseng field is improved through comprehensive utilization through the transformation and comprehensive utilization of the abandoned ginseng field, the productivity of the soil is restored, and the purpose of repeated cropping and reuse of the abandoned ginseng field is achieved. Create a soil environment that is more conducive to the growth of ginseng, increase forest resources and the reserves of under-forest ginseng, use special machinery for disinfection and other operations, reduce labor costs, and improve work efficiency.

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement technology, and belongs to the technical field of soil salinization. The saline-alkali soil improvement technology comprises the following steps: (1) deeply plowing saline-alkali soil before rainy season, and using a saline-alkali soil modifier in a soil plough layer in the deep plowing process; (2) spraying a soil surface active agent on the surface layer of the soil after ploughing; (3) uniformly spreading crushed straws on the surface layer of the ploughed soil; and (4) after the modifier fully reacts with the soil for a period of time (3-4 weeks), under the conditional situation, fully irrigating the soil with fresh water for 2-3 times to leach salt. According to the saline-alkali soil improvement technology, tillage, physical, chemical and biological improvement methods are comprehensively utilized, the structure of upper soil is changed through the tillage method, the soil conditioner is added to condition the chemical property of the soil, a hydrophobic covering layer is formed on the surface layer of the soil through plant straw, water infiltration is guaranteed, water evaporation is prevented, salt return is prevented, the whole process is easy and convenient to operate, the manual operation frequency is reduced, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, and comprehensive treatment of the salinized soil is realized.

The invention provides a treatment method for water and soil loss, and relates to a method for treating stony desertification water and soil loss by using ficus tikoua. An objective of the invention is to provide an effective method for treating water and soil loss. The method for treating stony desertification water and soil loss by using ficus tikoua comprises: 1, measuring root system indexes, including using an excavation section wall method to measure root density, according to characteristics of stony desertification soil, selecting a section in a certain depth according to local conditions, and conducting an investigation on the root system density; 2, measuring rainfall, runoff, and sediment, including measuring rainfall capacity by a siphonic daily rain gauge; 3, measuring soil physical properties, including using an aerometer method for measuring soil mechanical composition; 4, measuring soil chemical properties, including using a potassium dichromate external heating method to measure organic materials; 5, calculating soil erosion durability indexes; 6, planting ficus tikoua, that is, planting in the last ten-day of May to June in a rainy season.

The invention relates to a post-processing method for chemical restoration of contaminated soil, which uses a soil restoration device, the soil restoration device includes a support frame, a pressure groove unit and a repair unit, and the inner walls at the front and rear ends of the support frame are installed with The pressure groove unit is provided with a repair unit in the support frame; the repair method for polluted soil provided by the present invention, the treatment liquid is fully and evenly sprinkled into the polluted soil through the form of drip irrigation, and the treatment liquid and the polluted soil are fully contacted and reacted , so as to solve the problem that part of the soil is often still polluted and the treatment is not thorough enough; the invention separates and presses the polluted soil into a liquid guide groove, thereby improving the treatment efficiency of the polluted soil and exporting the waste liquid in the soil, Therefore, the problem that the waste liquid formed after the treatment liquid reacts with the polluted soil cannot be discharged and is absorbed by the soil inside the soil to form secondary pollution is solved.

The invention discloses a chemical eluting agent for plutonium-contaminated soil and a decontamination treatment method for the plutonium-contaminated soil. Main components of the chemical eluting agent for the plutonium-contaminated soil are 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4), hydrogen peroxide and water, H<+> is ionized in an aqueous solution through the [Bmim]HSO4, an acidic eluting environment is provided, reducing substances such as organic matters in the soil are destroyed by virtue of the oxidation-reduction effect of the hydrogen peroxide, and extraction of organically bound plutonium is promoted. The decontamination treatment method for the plutonium-contaminated soil comprises the steps: removing stones and impurities with the size of 2 cm or more from the plutonium-contaminated soil, crushing, leaching by using the plutonium-contaminated soil chemical leaching agent, rinsing after leaching, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to finish the decontamination treatment of the plutonium-contaminated soil.