The invention discloses a monocrystalline silicon zone melting drawing furnace control system, which comprises an upper shaft rotation speed detection device, an upper shaft feeding speed detection device, a lower shaft rotation speed detection device, and a lower shaft drawing speed detection device, a hearth temperature detection device, a hearth air pressure detection device, a data acquisition module, a memory, a central processor, a control signal output module, an upper shaft rotation speed controller, an upper shaft feeding speed controller, a lower shaft rotation speed controller, a lower shaft drawing speed controller, a hearth temperature controller, and a hearth air pressure controller; the upper shaft feeding speed, the lower shaft drawing speed, the upper and lower shaft rotation speeds, the hearth temperature, and the hearth inert gas feeding pressure are controlled through linkage; and thus the diameter and circularity of a drawn monocrystalline silicon rod meet design requirements.