The invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalyst preparation, in particular to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, a preparation method thereof and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method. The catalyst comprises an
alumina carrier with a
fiber structure and Co3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in network gaps formed by the
fiber structure, and the Co3O4 nanoparticles exist in the form of a Co3O4
nanoparticle aggregate; the
mass ratio of the Co3O4 nanoparticles to the
alumina carrier is 1: (3.3-5); in a
hydrogen temperature programmed reduction H2-TPR test, the temperature corresponding to the highest value of the first reduction peak of the catalyst is 250-400 DEG C, and the integral area of the reduction peak corresponding to the temperature of 100-400 DEG C accounts for 50-70% of the total integral area of all the reduction peaks. The catalyst is used in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, and the selectivity of by-product
methane is reduced while a relatively high CO conversion rate is maintained.