The present invention relates to a bridge deck waterproof material and a bridge deck waterproofing method using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a bridge deck waterproof material and a bridge deck waterproofing method using the same, for forming a coating layer, which cures in a short time after the application of the bridge deck waterproof material, effectively bonds with the ground surface, and provides excellent durability and water resistance to the bridge deck, on concrete and steel plate bridge decks, thereby preventing deterioration of the bridge deck. The present invention comprises: a lower waterproof material, mixed with 91-95 wt% of 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol polymer and 5-9 wt% of admixture, and coated on the bridge deck; a middle waterproof material, mixed with 15-35 wt% of MMA resin, 32.5-42.5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 7.5-17.5 wt% of silica sand No. 3, and 20-30 wt% of silica sand No. 5, and coated on the lower waterproof material; and an upper waterproof material, mixed with 45-55 wt% of 2-chlorobutadiene polymer, 25-35 wt% of toluene or xylene, and 15-25 wt% of sprayed asphalt, and coated on the middle waterproof material.