57results about "Ruthenium/rhodium/palladium/osmium/iridium/platinum halides" patented technology

Process to recover ruthenium in the form of ruthenium halide, particularly ruthenium chloride, from a ruthenium-containing supported catalyst material comprising:

• a) chemically decomposing the ruthenium-containing supported catalyst material;
• b) producing a raw ruthenium salt solution;
• c) purifying the raw ruthenium salt solution and optionally stripping gaseous ruthenium tetroxide from the raw ruthenium salt solution; and
• d) treating the purified ruthenium compound obtained in c), particularly the ruthenium tetroxide, with hydrogen halide or hydrohalic acid to obtain ruthenium halide, particularly with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid to obtain ruthenium chloride.

The invention discloses a method for recovering rhodium from rhodium-containing organic wastewater to prepare rhodium chloride. The method includes the steps that first, a macromolecule adsorbent is adopted for adsorbing the rhodium in the rhodium-containing organic wastewater produced in the production process of a rhodium homogeneous catalyst onto an adsorbent in a dynamic adsorption mode; second, the rhodium-containing adsorbent is put into acid solvent, a certain amount of stannous chloride is added, backflow stirring is conducted, the rhodium is transferred into the solvent from the solidadsorbent, and a rhodium-containing aqueous phase solution is obtained by means of filtration; third, purification is performed; and fourth, the rhodium chloride is obtained through evaporation and concentration. The method is suitable for the rhodium-containing organic wastewater produced in the production process of the homogeneous catalyst, and the problem of recovering the rhodium from an organic phase is solved. The method is easy and simple to handle, no secondary exhaust gas and wastewater can be produced, going green and environmental protection are realized, and the recovery rate ofthe rhodium can reach 95% or above.

A method for recovery of platinum group metals from a spent catalyst is described. The method includes crushing the spent catalyst to obtain a catalyst particulate material including particles having a predetermined grain size. The method includes subjecting the catalyst particulate material to a chlorinating treatment in the reaction zone at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time period by putting the catalyst particulate material in contact with the chlorine containing gas. The method also includes applying an electromagnetic field to the chlorine-containing gas in the reaction zone to provide ionization of chlorine; thereby to cause a chemical reaction between platinum group metals and chlorine ions and provide a volatile platinum group metal-containing chloride product in the reaction zone. Following this, the volatile platinum group metal-containing chloride product is cooled to convert the product into solid phase platinum group metal-containing materials.

The invention discloses a method of recycling ruthenium trichloride from waste carbon ruthenium-supporting catalyst. The recycled carbon ruthenium-supporting catalyst or other noble metal catalysts are subjected sequentially to incineration, alkali solution, leaching, oxidative absorption and smelt-drying to finally extract ruthenium trichloride; by combining the alkali solution method, the oxidative absorption method and the traditional recycling process for the noble metal, ruthenium, it is possible to solve the problem that the metal ruthenium is insoluble in a strong acid; the oxidative absorption method may effectively separate ruthenium from other metals; the ruthenium trichloride recycled by using method has little impurity and good quality and may serve as a raw material for direct use in the preparation of catalysts, and no secondary pollution is caused to the environment during recycling.

Methods and apparatus for the recycling and purification of an inorganic metallic precursor. A first gaseous stream containing ruthenium tetroxide is provided, and transformed into a solid phase lower ruthenium oxide. This lower phase ruthenium oxide is reduced with hydrogen to form ruthenium metal. The ruthenium metal is contacted with an oxidizing mixture to produce a stream containing ruthenium tetroxide, and any remaining oxidizing compounds are removed from this stream through a distillation.

The invention relates to a method for recovering rhodium chloride from rhodium slag. The method comprises the steps of: performing rhodium ash pretreatment, rhodium ash acid pickling, acid salt melting of alkali metal, cationic resin adsorption, evaporative crystallization and formic acid reduction; pretreating rhodium ash by formate; performing re-pickling, washing away most base metals, after drying, uniformly mixing with acid salt of alkali metal and an auxiliary agent to form powder, and carrying out melting reaction in a muffle furnace; adding deionized water to leach a melt, enabling thetreated leach liquor to pass through cationic resin, thoroughly removing base metals, performing concentrating and drying to obtain high-purity rhodium trichloride, eluting the resin by using hydrochloric acid after the resin adsorbs iron to be saturated, and adding formic acid into the eluent to reduce rhodium, thereby realizing separation of rhodium and iron in the resin eluent. The invention aims to provide a method for recovering rhodium chloride from rhodium slag, which has the advantages of simple recovery technique, no environmental pollution and high rhodium chloride purity for rhodium chloride recovery.

Fluorine or a fluorine compound is subjected to a reaction with a spent oxide fuel to produce fluorides of uranium and plutonium, and the fluorides are recovered using a difference in volatility behavior. The spent oxide fuel is subjected to a reaction with an HF gas, whereby uranium, plutonium and most impurities are converted into solid fluorides having low valences or remained as oxides to inhibit volatilization thereof, and then in an F₂ fluorination step, the HF fluorination product is subjected to a reaction with a fluorine gas in two stages: one at a low temperature and the other at a high temperature, whereby a certain amount of gaseous uranium and volatile impurities are separated with plutonium kept in a solid form in the first stage, and mixed fluorides of remaining uranium and plutonium are fluorinated into hexafluorides at the same time in the second stage. By such a reprocessing method, plutonium enrichment can be adjusted, uranium and plutonium can be purified, and steps are simplified as well. In addition, reactors are hard to be corroded or deteriorated.

The invention provides a method for preparing rhodium chloride through recovering rhodium from incinerated waste rhodium residues. The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out aerobic high-temperature roasting on waste catalyst roasting rhodium residues with incompletely removed organic matters, thus thoroughly removing the organic matters, and obtaining rhodium ash; then adding hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid into the rhodium ash for pretreating, adding hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide for directly dissolving the rhodium residues, and filtering to obtain a coarse rhodium acid solution; finally adopting an ion exchange method for the coarse chlororhodic acid solution to remove ion impurities such as Fe, Ni and Ca, and then concentrating and drying to obtain rhodium chloride hydrate. According to the method provided by the invention, a roasted rhodium residue post-treatment process is simplified, the efficiency is high, the rhodium loss is less, and the rhodium yield is larger than 99 percent.

Belonging to the technical field of reduction, the invention discloses a controlled reduction preparation method of iridium trichloride. The method includes: adding a quadrivalent iridium chloride and a reducing agent in a three-mouth flask according to certain proportion, under a magnetic stirring condition, and conducting constant temperature reduction until quadrivalent iridium in the solution is completely converted to trivalence. A condensation reflux device is used in the reaction process to reduce the volatilization of the reducing agent and control the reaction system stable. The method has the advantages of simple operation, short process, fully controllable reduction process and stable content, can guarantee that quadrivalent iridium can be completely reduced to trivalence, and the prepared iridium trichloride product has high purity.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device comprising a semiconducting material, wherein the semiconducting material comprises a halometallate compound comprising: (a) cesium; (b) palladium; and (c) one or more halide anions [X]. The invention also relates to a layer comprising the semiconducting material. The invention further relates to a process for producing a halometallate compound of formula (IV): [A]₂[M^IV][X]₆, which process uses a H[X] and a compound comprising a sulfoxide group.

The invention provides a method for preparing ruthenium trichloride hydrate by adopting ruthenium-containing wastewater, and belongs to the technical field of special chemicals. The method comprises the following steps: mixing ruthenium-containing wastewater and an oxidizing agent, reacting at 25-50 DEG C to obtain ruthenium tetroxide gas, introducing compressed gas into the ruthenium-containing wastewater to transfer the ruthenium tetroxide gas into an absorption device containing an absorption liquid, and reacting ruthenium tetroxide with the absorption liquid to obtain the absorption liquid containing ruthenium trichloride or H2RuCl5; and carrying out reduced pressure evaporation on the absorption liquid containing ruthenium trichloride or H2RuCl5 to obtain the ruthenium trichloride hydrate. The method provided by the invention is low in energy consumption and mild in reaction, and can realize recovery of trace (ppm level) Ru in the aqueous solution.

Ammonium hexachlororuthenate is produced by adding ammonium chloride to a hydrochloric acid solution containing ruthenium. The ammonium hexachlororuthenate is baked to obtain the ruthenium powder. When the moisture content of the ammonium hexachlororuthenate is high, the baked product is so hard sintered product that its pulverization is not easy. In accordance with the present invention, the following steps are carried out. Hydrochloric acid solution containing ruthenium is held at a temperature of 80 to 95° C. for three hours or longer. The ammonium chloride is then added to the hydrochloric acid solution which is stirred by a stirring mill at the rotation of 200 revolutions per minute or more. The hydrochloric acid solution is held at a temperature of from 85 to 95° C. for 1 hour while being stirred at 200 rpm. The resultant precipitate of ammonium hexachlororuthenate is filtered. The inventive crystals of precipitated ammonium hexachlororuthenate has 10 mass % or less of moisture content.

The invention discloses a method of quickly separating and extracting ruthenium from low content ruthenium-containing wastes. The method comprises the following steps: adding water into a low contentruthenium-containing resource as a raw material to be soaked, adding a dispersant to be uniformly stirred and filtering and washing the mixture; inputting dispersed residues in a reaction kettle, adding hydrochloric acid, raising the temperature to stir, introducing chlorine gas to react for a period of time after reaching the temperature, and stopping the reaction after the reaction; and filtering the solution, adding alkali into the solution to precipitate, and carrying out oxidative distillation to obtain a product ruthenium trichloride. The method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of being simple in process flow, low in energy consumption, high in efficiency, high in ruthenium yield and clean and environmentally friendly.

A method for recovering cobalt, ruthenium, and aluminum from spent Co—Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst. First, Co—Ru/Al₂O₃ spent catalyst is subjected to hydrocarbon removal, reaction with hydrogen, and alkali fusion to obtain a slag. The slag is subjected to acid leaching, precipitation of cobalt with oxalic acid or ammonium oxalate, reduction of cobalt oxalate, and dissolution of cobalt metal with nitric acid to obtain Co(NO₃)₂.6H₂O. The effluent of acid leaching is subjected to reaction with ethanol, filtration to obtain a filtrate and residue, dissolution of the residue with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and vacuum distillation to obtain β-RuCl₃.xH₂O. Aluminum hydroxide is prepared from the filtrate through carbonation and calcination. The cobalt yield is ≧97%; the ruthenium yield is ≧95%, and the aluminum yield is ≧92%.

The invention discloses a method for recovering rhodium from production waste liquid of rhodium octanoate dimer. The method comprises the following steps of (1) heating the waste liquid to certain temperature, then, adding hydrochloric acid, cooling to certain temperature after a reaction is made for a period of time, adding an extracting agent, stirring, standing and conducting oil and water separation; (2) adding an anti-boiling agent into an oil phase obtained after separation, performing ashing treatment on the organic phase by employing a temperature programming method after uniform stirring, and absorbing tail gas with a diluted ethanol water solution; (3) washing a product obtained after ashing with water, filtering, drying residues, performing heating, performing drying and absorbing tail gas with water; and (4) performing washing, and taking a solution for concentrating and drying to obtain water-soluble rhodium chloride, wherein the water-soluble rhodium chloride can be reused as a raw material of producing the rhodium octanoate dimer; and the rhodium recovery rate is greater than 96 %, and the rhodium purity is higher than 99 %. The method provided by the invention has asimple process, and is capable of effectively removing a lot of salts, so that roasting efficiency is increased, energy consumption and rhodium losses are effectively reduced, and the recovered rhodium chloride is high in purity, and can be used as the raw material for continued use.

The invention provides a green synthesis method of palladium chloride. The method includes: using metal palladium and hydrochloric acid as the reaction raw materials, adopting hydrogen peroxide as theoxidizing agent, controlling the process parameters: feed ratio, feeding rate, reaction time, oxidizing agent concentration, reaction temperature, etc., carrying out reaction, then removing water byreduced pressure distillation, and recycling water and hydrochloric acid water resources. The green synthesis method of palladium chloride disclosed by the invention has a green and environment-friendly technological process, and high technical content, effectively realizes energy saving, emission reduction, and green consumption reduction, and the product has high added value, belongs to one of the necessities of China's high-tech market, and has strong market and technological prospects.

Provided is a method of making an inorganic platinum compound. The method includes the steps of: Step (A): providing a platinum material and a halogen-containing oxidizing agent; and Step (B): treating the platinum material with the halogen-containing oxidizing agent in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to obtain the inorganic platinum compound, including chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinate salt; wherein the halogen-containing oxidizing agent excludes chlorine gas. The method of making an inorganic platinum compound is simple, safe, time-effective, cost-effective, and environment-friendly, and has the advantage of high yield.

The invention belongs to the technical field of precious metal metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing palladium chloride from inactivated palladium nitrate. The preparation method comprises the four steps of pretreatment of inactivated palladium nitrate, catalysis of dissolution of perchloric acid, removal of nitrate via hydrochloric acid and curing forming. According to the method, the inactivated palladium nitrate is pretreated, so impurities can be effectively removed, the purpose of wetting can be achieved, a follow-up palladium nitrate dissolution rate is increased, and palladium chloride yield is increased; perchloric acid is used for completely dissolving palladium nitrate, meanwhile, the activity of the palladium solution can be improved, and a good foundation is laid for improving a palladium nitrate conversion rate; and with the method disclosed by the invention, the inactivated palladium nitrate can be directly converted into the product palladium chloride with equivalent activity, a brand new method for converting the palladium nitrate into the palladium chloride is provided, and the palladium content of the converted palladium chloride is more than or equal to 59.6%.