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This invention relates to the technical field of flame-retardant coatings, and discloses a method for preparing and applying a transparent, water-resistant modified amino resin flame-retardant coating, comprising the following steps: (1) adding urea to phosphoric acid and heating to dissolve it, then adding soluble starch and heating to react; after the reaction is completed, drying is performed to obtain starch ammonium phosphate flame retardant; (2) adding silica powder to ethylene glycol, dispersing it into a slurry by ultrasonication, then adding hydrolyzed silane coupling agent, grinding and refining, filtering and drying to obtain modified silica powder; (3) mixing starch ammonium phosphate flame retardant, modified silica powder, tannic acid, amino resin and waterproofing agent. This invention, by adding starch ammonium phosphate flame retardant to amino resin, and adding modified silica powder, tannic acid and waterproofing agent as synergistic components, enables the coating to have good transparency and flame retardancy while also having good adhesion and water resistance.