The invention discloses a shear wall fire exposure testing device under the vertical load effect, relates to a fire resistance testing device, and belongs to the technical field of building structure disaster prevention and reduction. The shear wall fire exposure testing device comprises a furnace body, a loading system, an information collection system and a combustion control system. The furnace body is formed by assembling a shear wall component, a furnace side wall and a furnace top cover through bolts and screws. The furnace side wall and the furnace top cover fix zirconium-containing refractory fiber modules to a steel plate by means of stainless steel anchoring parts. The assembling efficiency is high, the modifiability is good, the containment furnace wall can be modified according to different test piece sizes, the repeated utilization factor is high, waste is reduced, a vertical placement shear wall fire resistance test under the axial pressure is achieved, and real working conditions of test pieces can be simulated; an intelligent ratio adjuster and an electric actuator are used for achieving automatic control over the furnace temperature; the shear wall test piece and the furnace wall are combined into the furnace body, one or more shear walls can be synchronously tested, the test data discreteness is lowered, and the purpose of saving energy is achieved.