2061 results about "Coating materials" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of coating material production, and discloses a coating formula calculation method and system based on self-learning feedback parameter correction, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining raw material basic parameters, target performance requirements and process feedback data of historical production batches, combining a material screening mechanism and an environment working condition correction strategy, and calculating a coating formula; constructing a coating formula initial input matrix; performing multi-dimensional variable normalization processing on the initial input matrix of the coating formula, introducing a feature sensitivity analysis model, and extracting a key variable group influencing the coating performance in the feature sensitivity analysis model; based on the performance response relation mapping model, analyzing error distribution between model prediction output and actual detection data by using a prediction deviation recognition mechanism, and extracting learning error features; a self-learning feedback updating mechanism is introduced, and dynamic weight optimization is conducted on the parameter correction factor set; and performing sample test and performance verification on the corrected candidate formula set. The method has the advantage that the coating formula precision is improved.

The invention discloses a high-pressure soft water medium treatment and supply system, which belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination treatment, and comprises a multi-dimensional ion detection module for detecting the concentration distribution characteristics of target inhibition ions in original seawater to generate a corresponding coating material selection instruction; the electric field dynamic coupling module captures a termination signal according to the coating material selection instruction; the shock wave generation module starts a main pump to generate fluid shock waves to execute sediment breaking action according to the termination signal; the monitoring module is used for monitoring the finally output softened water ion concentration and reversely calculating the pollution index of the coating surface; and the heat cycle feedback device is used for starting a self-cleaning mode according to the pollution index and transmitting waste heat in the cleaning process to the pump set. The electric field dynamic coupling adsorption and fluid shock wave cooperative treatment technology is adopted, high-efficiency ion capture, dynamic sediment removal and waste heat recycling can be achieved, energy consumption is remarkably reduced, and continuous and stable operation of the system is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a security camera lens production process dynamic multi-parameter process monitoring method, and relates to the technical field of multi-parameter process monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: collecting process parameters and waviness characteristic data; collecting optical characteristics and physical response data of security camera lens raw materials; discretizing the data, and generating raw material standard data according to material types and performance; collecting real-time polishing data, and calculating to obtain a polishing deviation factor vector; calculating a weight through an entropy weight method to obtain a polishing alarm correction index, giving an alarm and adjusting polishing parameters when the polishing alarm correction index exceeds a threshold value, and obtaining corrected geometric feature data; the method comprises the following steps: collecting data in a coating stage, obtaining coating material response and processing environment data through a two-dimensional feature extraction method, and respectively calculating a material response deviation index and a processing environment disturbance index; and combining the two indexes to obtain the comprehensive deviation index of the coating process. According to the comprehensive deviation index of the coating process, the production process of the security camera lens is monitored in real time.

The invention discloses an antibacterial corrosion-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of coating materials. The coating is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2 to 5 percent of nano silver ion loaded mesoporous silicon dioxide nano particle antibacterial aid, 5 to 10 percent of zinc powder-containing corrosion inhibitor, 3 to 8 percent of nano montmorillonite, 30 to 40 percent of modified epoxy resin, 20 to 30 percent of polyurethane prepolymer and other aids. The nano silver ion antibacterial auxiliary agent is loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles through an ion exchange method, the zinc powder corrosion inhibitor is prepared through stirring and ball milling dispersion, and the modified epoxy resin is modified by adopting a silane coupling agent. The preparation process of the coating comprises the stages of premixing, grinding and refining, initiating polymerization and post-treatment, wherein a grinding medium is zirconium oxide beads with the diameter of 0.5-2 mm. The coating has excellent antibacterial and corrosion-resistant performance, is suitable for metal surface protection, and can effectively solve the problems that an existing coating is not lasting in antibacterial effect, insufficient in corrosion-resistant performance and not ideal in comprehensive performance.

The invention relates to the technical field of cable production, in particular to a fireproof insulation cable fireproof material coating device which comprises a coating machine main body, a first positioning cylinder and a second positioning cylinder are arranged on the two sides of the coating machine main body respectively and are both installed on a workbench, a cable core is arranged in the coating machine main body, and the cable core is arranged in the coating machine main body. The outer side of the cable core is coated with a fireproof layer, the coating device comprises a first positioning mechanism and a second positioning mechanism, the wound and bent cable core can be straightened, the surface of the straightened cable core is smoother, the cable core can enter the coating machine body more evenly, coating materials can be evenly attached, deviation in the coating process is reduced, and therefore the coating precision is improved, and the service life of the cable core is prolonged. And the cable core can be centered and positioned to ensure that the cable core is always in the central position in the coating process, so that the thickness of the fireproof layer on the outer side of the cable core is uniform and consistent, and the phenomenon that the local part is too thick or too thin due to position deviation is effectively avoided.

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic substrates, and provides a bending-resistant aluminum oxide multilayer ceramic substrate and a preparation method thereof. The bending-resistant aluminum oxide multilayer ceramic substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 95-110 parts of aluminum oxide, 3-8 parts of a plasticizer, 6-12 parts of an auxiliary agent, 4-7 parts of a binder, 3-6 parts of a dispersant and 60-70 parts of a solvent, the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: A1, adding calcium oxide into ethanol, adding glucose, stirring until the materials are uniformly mixed, and concentrating to obtain a glucose coated material; a2, carrying out annealing treatment on the glucose coated material to obtain a carbon coated material; and A3, uniformly mixing the carbon-coated material with magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide, and carrying out ball milling to obtain the auxiliary agent. According to the technical scheme, the problem of low mechanical property of the aluminum oxide ceramic substrate in the prior art is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of ITO coating materials, and provides a low-sheet-resistance and high-light-transmittance ITO coating film and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that S1, an yttrium-doped zirconium oxide substrate is prepared; s2, performing surface activation on the yttrium-doped zirconium oxide substrate; s3, performing magnetron sputtering in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering chamber, and forming a layer of ITO film on the surface of the yttrium-doped zirconia substrate; and S4, annealing treatment and gradient cooling treatment are carried out. The epitaxial growth of the ITO coating film is optimized through the prepared yttrium-doped zirconia substrate, and the magnetron sputtering, annealing and gradient cooling processes are combined, so that the microstructure of the film is optimized, the carrier mobility and the uniformity and stability of the film are improved, the grain boundary defect and carrier scattering loss in the ITO coating film are reduced, and the performance of the film is improved. The low sheet resistance and high light transmittance of the ITO coating film are synergistically improved, and the obtained ITO coating film has important application value in the fields of high-performance optoelectronic devices, transparent conductive films and the like.

The invention relates to a bio-based degradable UV-curable coating material for a microcapsule fire extinguishing agent, the microcapsule fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method and application of the bio-based degradable UV-curable coating material for the microcapsule fire extinguishing agent. The bio-based degradable UV-curable coating material for the microcapsule fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of bio-based hyperbranched polyurethane / acrylate prepolymer; 10-150 parts of a reactive flame-retardant monomer, 0.1-5 parts of a photoinitiator and 0-70 parts of a solvent. The coating material for the microcapsule fire extinguishing agent is a thermal response type material, when the coating material is prepared into a shell layer of the microcapsule fire extinguishing agent and the environment temperature reaches a preset threshold value, the shell layer is rapidly broken due to thermal expansion coefficient difference and chemical bond fracture, internal fire extinguishing liquid is released, the process can be completed within 3 seconds or less, rapid response in the initial stage of a fire disaster is ensured, and fire extinguishing efficiency is improved. The thermal response speed is high, the microcapsule fire extinguishing agent can be rapidly broken in the early stage of a fire, rapid release of fire extinguishing liquid is achieved in the early stage of the fire, efficient fire extinguishing is achieved, a fire source is controlled in time, and fire spreading is effectively prevented.

The invention relates to the field of thermal barrier materials, and discloses a coating material, a preparation method thereof and an environmental barrier coating. The chemical formula of the coating material is MAlO3, and M comprises at least one of Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Lu. The coating material provided by the invention has excellent fracture toughness, relatively low thermal conductivity, relatively high thermal expansion coefficient and good CMAS corrosion resistance.

The invention discloses a coating and hot-pressing process of a PHA material, and belongs to the field of packaging material coating. The process comprises the following steps: tightly combining a molten PHA coating material with a base material through hot pressing; the PHA coating is further compacted through a hot press polish roller, and bubbles between the PHA coating and the base material are eliminated; then entering a cooling device, rapidly cooling through internal water circulation so as to cure the PHA coating, and meanwhile, spraying a trace amount of deionized water mist so as to prevent the base material from being dried and embrittled due to high temperature; entering a recrystallization zone, regulating and controlling the crystallinity of PHA, and balancing the mechanical property and degradation rate. The PHA can be well bonded with various base materials (such as paper, fabrics and films) in the hot pressing process, and an additional adhesive is not needed. Therefore, the technological process is simplified, and the cost is reduced. And the PHA can be uniformly coated on the surface of the base material through the hot pressing process to form a compact coating, so that the performance consistency of the product is ensured.

The invention discloses a radiation-resistant high-entropy alloy magnetron sputtering coating and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of radiation-resistant coating materials. On the basis of the multi-element synergistic effect and lamination interface design of the high-entropy alloy, FeCrNi and FeNiCrMn are used as target materials, and the coating with the nanometer lamination structure is prepared by accurately regulating and controlling the target current, the gas flow, the deposition time and other process parameters of magnetron sputtering; meanwhile, accurate control over the single-layer film thickness and the interface density is achieved by adjusting the coupling relation between the sputtering power and the deposition rate, and it is ensured that all unit layers are flat and compact, and interface combination is complete. And a multi-heterogeneous interface is formed through the design of a laminated interface, so that a defect capture network is formed, the hardness of a single-layer coating is improved, the hardening rate after irradiation can be lower than that of a traditional single-layer coating, and the problems of crystallization and brittleness failure induced by irradiation are effectively relieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of coating materials, and discloses a pure titanium micro-arc oxidation coating for a vacuum cup and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that surface pretreatment is conducted, specifically, a pure titanium vacuum cup inner container workpiece is sequentially subjected to degreasing, acid pickling and ultrasonic cleaning; preparing an electrolyte, namely adding 15-25 parts by weight of a silicon-containing compound, 5-12 parts by weight of metal salt, 3-8 parts by weight of an antibacterial agent and 1-5 parts by weight of a stabilizer into deionized water, and controlling the pH value to be 8.5-10.5; and performing micro-arc oxidation treatment. According to the invention, a silane compound in the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte contains a high-activity silanol group which is subjected to condensation reaction with titanium hydroxyl on the surface of a pure titanium substrate under the action of an electric field to form stable covalent bonding, so that the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate is enhanced; metal ions generated by metal salt electrolysis are co-deposited with titanium ions through plasma discharge, a composite oxide structure is constructed, and micro defects on the surface of a titanium substrate are sealed.

Provided is a method for determining the adhesive penetration into at least one porous coating material which is pressed with at least one carrier plate and at least one adhesive layer arranged on the carrier plate. The adhesive penetrates or rises into the at least one porous coating material during the pressing process.

The present invention provides a high-entropy alloy coating material, comprising: FeCoCrNiAl high-entropy alloy powder and yttrium powder; the weight of the yttrium powder is 0.5-1.0 wt.% of the weight of the FeCoCrNiAl high-entropy alloy powder. A method for preparing a wear-resistant coating by plasma cladding is also provided. By using the plasma cladding process with the high-entropy alloy-based coating material, a FeCoCrNiAl coating with a single BCC structure can be directly prepared on the surface of a substrate without further heat treatment, and a high-performance wear-resistant coating can be obtained while effectively reducing costs.

The invention discloses a protective coating for an aluminum alloy heat exchange tube and a preparation method of the protective coating, and relates to the technical field of coating materials. The protective coating for the aluminum alloy heat exchange tube at least comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin; 28 to 32 parts of polyether amine D230; 8 to 12 parts of a modified MgAlCe-BTC-LDH filling material; 4 to 6 parts of polydopamine modified hexagonal boron nitride; 35 to 45 parts of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; and 1-2 parts of a dispersant. The modified MgAlCe-BTC-LDH filler prepared by the invention realizes triple functions of Ce element oxidation resistance, BTC corrosion inhibition and layered barrier, and the polydopamine modified hexagonal boron nitride prepared by the invention effectively improves the heat-conducting property, solves the contradiction between insulation and heat conduction, and adapts to the protection requirement of an aluminum alloy heat exchange tube.

The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating for an aluminum alloy heat exchange tube and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of coating materials. The method comprises the following steps that the aluminum alloy heat exchange tube is cleaned and deoiled, then a treating agent is sprayed, composite coating slurry is sprayed to the surface of the aluminum alloy heat exchange tube after curing, and the high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating for the aluminum alloy heat exchange tube is obtained after curing treatment. Wherein the treating agent is prepared from NS-30 silica sol, deionized water and methyltrimethoxysilane; the composite coating slurry is prepared from a polyamide acid solution, a synergist, functionalized boron nitride nanosheets, modified hexagonal boron nitride, a flatting agent and a defoaming agent. The silane film introduced into the treating agent and the synergist, the functionalized boron nitride nanosheet and the modified hexagonal boron nitride introduced into the composite coating slurry effectively improve the high temperature resistance, the corrosion resistance, the adhesive force, the thermal conductivity, the aging resistance and the toughness of the coating. Therefore, the method has a wider application prospect.

The invention relates to a perovskite photovoltaic cell high-transmittance low-scattering coating material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cells. The coating material is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 7.2 to 8.5 percent of PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate) resin, 0.17 to 0.22 percent of modified nano titanium dioxide, 0.09 to 0.11 percent of flatting agent, 0.03 to 0.04 percent of defoaming agent and the balance of solvent, the modified nano titanium dioxide is prepared into an intermediate through addition reaction of triallylamine and mercaptoethanol, and then a modifier with a network molecular structure is formed through substitution reaction of trifluoropropyl trichlorosilane and hydroxyl at the end part of an intermediate molecule; a thioether chain segment in a modifier molecule and similar nitrogen and oxygen elements form a strong chelation effect to coat the nano titanium dioxide; the introduction of the modified nano titanium dioxide makes up the problem of light transmission reduction caused by traditional titanium dioxide reinforcement.

The invention belongs to the technical field of coating material preparation, and particularly relates to a copper-titanium co-doped amorphous carbon coating and a high-throughput preparation method. The invention firstly provides a high-throughput preparation method, the method does not need to prepare a plurality of target materials with different metal contents, a plurality of deposition samples can be obtained only by preparing a plurality of matrixes once through ingenious arrangement of matrix sample positions and specific quality control index requirements, and then test screening is carried out in combination with the quality control index requirements. And the bimetallic-doped amorphous carbon coating with the optimal performance can be rapidly screened out with relatively low process cost for practical application.

The invention discloses an anti-corrosion self-repairing super-amphiphobic coating film and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polymer coating materials. The coating film sequentially comprises a nano particle skeleton layer, a dynamic borate bond layer and a super-amphiphobic functional layer from inside to outside, and the three-layer gradient design synergistically realizes micro / nano structure stability, self-repairing and super-amphiphobic functions. The framework layer takes SiO2-TiO2 composite nanoparticles as a substrate and provides support; the dynamic boric acid ester bond layer forms a dynamic network through polycondensation of an organic boron compound, endows the self-repairing capability and enhances interface bonding; the super-amphiphobic functional layer is formed by grafting a fluorine-containing organosilicon compound and has hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. A multi-layer structure is constructed step by step, the reaction condition is mild, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the method is suitable for large-scale industrial preparation, the coating film has excellent super-amphiphobic performance and interface adhesion performance, the super-amphiphobic performance of the coating film can still be kept stable in long-term use or a complex environment, and the problem that an existing super-amphiphobic material is prone to damage is effectively solved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-hardness wear-resistant coating, the high-hardness wear-resistant coating comprises FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy powder and TiC powder, the TiC powder accounts for 0%-20% of the mass fraction of the FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy powder, and the mechanical property and wear resistance of the coating material are effectively improved. The high-entropy alloy coating material is used for preparing a coating, and the method is specifically implemented according to the following steps that firstly, the surface of a base material is pretreated; 2, the FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy powder and the TiC powder are subjected to ball milling, mixing and machining; and 3, laser power parameters and the scanning speed are set, the coating is prepared through laser cladding equipment, and the method is used for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating.

The invention relates to the technical field of special functional coating materials for lost foam casting, and particularly discloses a special coating for a large machine tool casting lost foam as well as application and a use method of the special coating. According to the invention, the full-temperature-range functional composite material and the composite aggregate are used for synergistic reinforcement, and mullite is used for high-temperature reinforcement; the temperature-sensitive polymer modified graphite can realize intelligent temperature response of graphite performance; spodumene is used as a thermal expansion adaptive fluxing agent, so that medium-temperature healing and thermal expansion adjustment of a coating system are facilitated; the composite reinforced fibers are reinforced and toughened aiming at large thermal stress of thick and large parts; as an ultralow-temperature glazing agent, the boron-containing glazing agent can form an initial liquid phase at about 450 DEG C to seal the surface of the coating and purify a ventilation channel; the rare earth oxide serving as a high-temperature phase stabilizer can be dissolved in mullite crystal lattices, so that the high-temperature phase stability is improved, and ceramic nodes are refined. Through raw material design, on the premise of ensuring moderate air permeability, the ultrahigh strength and crack resistance of a coating system at extremely high temperature are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of deposition of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating materials on metal surfaces, in particular to a high-toughness CrNbZrNiSiBN high-entropy nitride coating and a preparation method thereof. A bonding layer formed by a Cr layer, a transition layer formed by a CrN layer and a functional layer coated with CrNbZrNiSiBN high-entropy nitride are sequentially arranged on the surface of a base material. And the total thickness of the coated functional layer is 2-10 microns. The method is completed by adopting an ion beam assisted arc ion plating technology, and the prepared composite coating has the advantages of relatively high hardness, relatively good toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and the like. The coating can be used for strengthening and protecting the surfaces of cutters, molds, aerospace, marine ship parts and the like.

The invention relates to the field of coating materials, and discloses a passivation solution for a hot-dip galvanized workpiece as well as a preparation method and a use method.The passivation solution is prepared from organic pottery clay, titanium dioxide, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion, waterborne epoxy silicon resin, a silane coupling agent, a coloring agent, filler, an auxiliary and water. The problem of light pollution in areas with high illumination intensity can be effectively solved, workpieces and vegetation in natural scenic areas are organically fused to form beautiful scenery lines, and the technical problems of high cost and weak corrosion resistance of green coatings caused by the fact that green towers are achieved by coating green paint at present can be effectively solved. And the pole tower is green, attractive and good in economic benefit.

Provided is a method for determining the resin penetration into at least one porous coating material which is pressed with at least one carrier board and at least one resin layer arranged on the carrier board. During the pressing process the resin penetrates or rises into the at least one porous coating material.

A coating thickness measuring device is configured to measure a thickness of a coating material applied to a substrate which is fed by a coating roll on which the substrate is rolled. The coating thickness measuring device includes a coating thickness measurement module, wherein the coating thickness measurement module includes a light applying unit configured to apply light to a surface of the coating material applied to a portion of the substrate rolled on the coating roll, a light acquisition unit configured to acquire light reflected from the surface of the coating material, and a processor configured to calculate the thickness of the coating material based on the acquired light. Accordingly, when measuring the thickness of the coating material the thickness measurement accuracy may be improved. A coating device including the same is also provided.

The invention discloses a low-melting-point glass-based inorganic anticorrosive coating with excellent conductivity and a preparation method of the low-melting-point glass-based inorganic anticorrosive coating. The inorganic anticorrosive conductive coating material comprises 80-99.5 parts of a glass base material and 0.5-20 parts of conductive phase powder dispersed in the glass base material, wherein the conductive phase powder adopts a conductive oxide; the preparation process comprises the following steps: 1) mixing glass base materials; 2) melting into molten glass; 3) crushing and introducing a conductive phase; 4) sintering into blocks; 5) crushing and screening the sample; (6) preparing slurry; (7) paint spraying; and 8) sintering and cooling to obtain the paint. The method is simple in process, low in cost, corrosion-resistant, high-temperature-resistant and good in conductivity; after the conductive phase is added, the surface resistivity of the coating is reduced to 102-109 ohms, and the minimum value of the surface resistivity is far higher than that of an existing system.

The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature-resistant composite coatings, in particular to an atomic-scale complex-phase high-entropy oxide coating material and preparation and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving Mg2AlO4 and transition metal alloy powder, mixing, and carrying out ball milling to obtain spinel-structure high-entropy oxide precursor powder; then carrying out freeze drying treatment on the spinel structure high-entropy oxide precursor powder, and then carrying out sintering treatment to obtain spinel structure high-entropy oxide powder; dissolving metal salt, and blending to obtain a mixed solution; and finally, uniformly mixing the spinel-structure high-entropy oxide powder with the mixed solution, carrying out solvothermal reaction, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the atomic-scale complex-phase high-entropy oxide coating material. The coating material provided by the invention has high-stability infrared radiation performance and can resist high-temperature oxidation.

The invention discloses a data-driven high-infrared-radiation-characteristic high-entropy rare earth tantalate material screening method and application, and belongs to the technical field of thermal barrier coating materials. The method aims at breaking through the infrared radiation performance bottleneck of a traditional rare earth tantalate ceramic material, a high-precision prediction model of the infrared emissivity of the rare earth tantalate is innovatively developed by constructing a multi-system common data set, and rapid evaluation of the infrared spectral characteristics of the A-site high-entropy rare earth tantalate RE3TaO7 material is achieved. On the basis of the model, a multi-element rare earth tantalate system which comprises (Y < 0.2 > Dy < 0.2 > Gd < 0.2 > Sm < 0.2 > Nd < 0.2 >) < 3 > TaO7 and (Nd < 0.2 > Eu < 0.2 > Dy < 0.2 > Er < 0.2 > Yb < 0.2 >) < 3 > TaO7 and has excellent infrared radiation characteristics is successfully screened out. According to the method, the limitation of traditional small sample material research is broken through through big data modeling, and an efficient theoretical design normal form is provided for developing a novel high-entropy infrared radiation material.

The invention relates to an energy storage type photo-generated cathode protection coating material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of chemical materials. The coating material is a binary composite material which is composed of nanometer MoO3 and BiVO4. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing nano MoO3 by a precipitation method, and then preparing a nano MoO3 and BiVO4 binary composite material in situ by a low-temperature hydrothermal method, namely the coating material disclosed by the invention. In the coating material, nano MoO3 and BiVO4 are adopted to form a heterojunction material, so that the photoresponse range of BiVO4 is widened, and the photoelectron-hole separation efficiency is effectively improved; meanwhile, nano MoO3 is used as an energy storage material with high theoretical specific capacity, part of photo-induced electrons generated by BiVO4 can be stored in the form of a compound, and in a dark state environment, the electrons stored in MoO3 are released and quickly transferred to the surface of metal or a film-forming substrate, so that cathode protection of the metal in the dark environment is realized; the technical problems that in the prior art, nano BiVO4 is low in electron-hole separation efficiency and poor in metal surface adhesive force, and the cathode protection effect cannot be continued in the dark state are solved.