The invention belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a semaglutide precursor. The invention adopts gene recombination technology, and compared with chemical synthesis, the production of impurities is reduced, and the purity and yield are relatively high; The main steps include: firstly, using gene recombination technology, a plasmid with a GLP-1 (9-37) gene sequence and a tandem expression sequence is introduced into Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli) BL21 (DE3), and recombinant engineering bacteria are constructed. After high-density fermentation induction, the tandem expression protein expressing GLP-1(9-37) was obtained, and then the semaglutide precursor GLP-1(9-37) was obtained after steps such as denaturation, renaturation, enzyme digestion, and purification.