The invention provides a method for preparing caustic calcined magnesite from magnesite flotation tailings. The method comprises the following steps: mixing materials, pelletizing, drying, roasting, washing, filtering and the like. According to the method, anhydrous magnesium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate and corn starch are added into the magnesite flotation tailings to be compressed into compact balls; in a calcining process, activation energy hindering sintering is reduced; in addition, the anhydrous magnesium chloride and the magnesium chloride hexahydrate decompose out chlorideions in a roasting process, the chloride ions can promote magnesite decomposition in the roasting process, a magnesite flotation tailing roasting temperature is reduced, energy consumption is reduced, calcium carbonate in the tailings is simultaneously converted into calcium chloride, the calcium chloride is removed through washing, and an effect of removing calcium is achieved. According to themethod disclosed by the invention, the magnesite flotation tailings are utilized as a main raw material, and the magnesite flotation tailings have the advantages of wide sources and low cost; thus, the problem of environmental pollution caused by stockpiling the magnesite flotation tailings is solved, resourceful and reasonable utilization of the magnesite tailings is simultaneously achieved, theresource utilization rate is improved, and land occupation of the magnesite tailings is reduced.