The invention provides a method for preparing
magnesium oxide by calcining
magnesite, which comprises the following steps: introducing fuel into a
decomposer or into the
decomposer and an activity
regulator, igniting, and discharging generated high-temperature
flue gas after flowing through a multi-stage preheating unit, a
drying unit and a
tail gas separation unit, feeding a water-containing
magnesite raw material into a dryer to be in contact with hot
flue gas from a preheater so as to remove
moisture; the dried material passes through a multi-stage preheater and is subjected to countercurrent flow heat exchange with high-temperature
flue gas from a
decomposer, so that the temperature of the material is increased; the preheated material is heated to the
decomposition temperature in a decomposer, and
magnesium carbonate is decomposed to generate
magnesium oxide; separating the decomposed gas-
solid mixture to obtain a high-temperature magnesium
oxide solid; and performing countercurrent flow heat exchange on the high-temperature magnesium oxide
solid and
combustion-supporting air, and outputting cooled magnesium oxide. Through multi-stage countercurrent flow heat exchange and product
sensible heat recovery, an efficient
heat energy circulation
system is constructed, and the fuel
energy consumption in the
calcination process is remarkably reduced; the method realizes flexible regulation and control of magnesium oxide product activity, and is suitable for continuous clean production of fine particle raw materials.