32 results about "Spin effect" patented technology

The invention provides an inertia and magnetic field integration measuring method based on an SERF (spin-exchange-relaxation-free) atomic spin effect. The inertia and magnetic field integration measuring method based on the SERF atomic spin effect comprises the following steps: firstly establishing an overall model for the inertia and magnetic field integration measurement; secondly, manufacturing a measurement sensing unit, and carrying out high-frequency alternating current non-magnetic electric heating; starting a driving laser (z-axis) for carrying out optical pumping on the sensing unit; and emitting a detection laser (x-axis) in a direction vertical to the z-axis; thirdly, carrying out driving magnetic compensation through a three-dimensional magnetic compensation coil so as to counteract a magnetic field of the outside world; fourthly, carrying out azimuth alignment on a main magnetic field and the driving laser and hyperpolarization nucleon self-spin so as to realize the nuclear spin-electron spin strong coupling; fifthly, extracting the information of the atomic spin precession movement in the detection laser by adopting a closed-loop faraday modulation detection method, and obtaining inertia angular speed information; and finally, obtaining the current value of a compensation signal of the magnetic field, and calculating to obtain the information of the current magnetic field. The inertia and magnetic field integration measuring method based on the SERF atomic spin effect has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and strong autonomy.

Production method of nanofibres from the polymeric solution through electrostatic spinning in electric field created by a difference of potentials between the collecting electrode (4) and pivoted spinning electrode (1) of an oblong shape touching by a part of its circuit the polymeric solution (3), while by rotation of the spinning electrode (1) the polymeric solution (3), at least by a portion of its surface, is carried out into the electric field in which on the surface of the collecting electrode (4) the nanofibres are created which are carried to the collecting electrode (4) and deposited on the surface of a basic material (5) guided between the spinning electrode (1) and the collecting electrode (4) in vicinity of the collecting electrode (4). The polymeric solution (3), on surface of the spinning electrode (1) in a place of intersection of surface of the spinning electrode (1) with the plane interlaid by the axis of the spinning electrode (1) and being perpendicular to the plane of the base material (5), along the whole length of the spinning electrode (1), is subject to the electric field of a maximum and equal intensity, through which a high and even spinning effect is achieved along the whole length of the spinning electrode (1). The invention also relates to the device for production of nanofibres from polymeric solution through electrostatic spinning.

The invention relates to a fullerene molecular gyroscope which is characterized in that: atoms or molecules are embedded in the fullerene, so as to prevent spin collision exchange relaxation and spin collision damage. The micro-crystallizing standard solid molding is adopted, so that the fullerene molecules are arrayed according to a certain structure and the sensitive atomic density is increased. An optical and microwave method is adopted for controlling and detecting the atomic energy level, so that the detection for a dead axle and an inertia signal of the atoms or molecules in an inertia space is realized. The fullerene molecular gyroscope has the advantages of high sensitivity and excellent heat stability and has an important value for developing a new generation solid gyroscope based on an atomic spin effect and with high precision, high stability and small volume.

The invention relates to an atomic spin procession detecting method and an atomic spin precession detecting device based on electro-optic modulation. Alkali metal atoms in a spin-exchange relaxation free state are used for sensing an external magnetic field or angular rate, thereby generating atomic spin Larmor precession. An electro-optic modulator is used for performing electro-optic modulation on detected laser. Through output light strength detection by the electro-optic modulator and demodulation of a phase-locked amplifier, output light strength and frequency doubling signal strength are obtained. Finally a signal acquisition and processing circuit measures an atomic spin precession signal, and furthermore measurement to the external magnetic field or inertia can be realized. According to the atomic spin procession detecting method and the atomic spin procession detecting device, advantages such as simple modulation, small size, high sensitivity, low temperature effect and simple operation condition in the electro-optic modulator are exerted. The atomic spin procession detecting method and the atomic spin procession detecting device have relatively high sensitivity and relatively high stability. The novel atomic spin procession detecting method is based on an atomic spin effect and can be used for industrial integration and practical application of atomic spin sensing devices in future.

The invention discloses a polyphenylene sulfide short fiber spinning oil and a preparation method thereof. The polyphenylene sulfide short fiber spinning oil comprises the following compound raw materials by weight percentage: 25-50 percent of antistat, 15-25 percent of smoothing agent, 18-35 percent of saturant, 5-20 percent of emulsifier and 2-8 percent of modifier. According to the weight percentage of each raw material component, the accurately metered antistat, smoothing agent, saturant, and emulsifier are pumped into a reaction pot, heated to 50-80 DEG C, and uniformly mixed; the modifier is pumped into the reaction pot, agitated for 1-3 h, cooled, filtered, unloaded and packaged. The polyphenylene sulfide short fiber spinning oil has good anti-static electricity performance, smoothness, saturation and the like, is uniform and stable in oil loading, can ensure smooth operation of spinning production and postprocessing working procedure, and satisfies production requirements on spinning effect and the mechanical performance of the fiber.

An apparatus for the crystalline, mass and selective syntheses of diamonds and carbon nanotubes (CNT) includes a chamber having at least one source of carbon and possibly a source of metal on a substrate surface (atoms, clusters and / or nanoparticles); at least one resistance heating element; at least one exciting and heating laser at least one IR source; at least one magnetic field generator; and at least one pressure device. In operation, carbon and metal atoms are supplied to the heated reaction chamber for contacting with substrate supported catalyst, a heating laser beam and an IR source, and then for contacting with an intense magnetic field sufficient amount of interaction between the excited carbon and metal atoms IR, laser, thermal energy and the magnetic field so as to excite, create, catalyze and stabilize electronic spin transitions and high electronic spin states of the excited carbon and metal atoms (for the production of high spin triplett, quartet and pentet carbon atoms) under chemical vapor deposition conditions, leading to the activated and more efficient rehybridization of these high spin carbon atoms for the massive chemical condensation of diamonds and / or CNTs. The specific photons of the laser may stimulate the nucleation of specific helical and diametric CNTs. An even greater massive chemical condensation is driven by selective, periodic and rapidly heating the metal catalyst via the IR-heating source for more efficient localization of energy for electronic, chemical and transport dynamics of high spin carbon atoms through the catalyst for lower ambient temperature selective condensation of CNT. The external magnetic field also provides conditions for creating, stabilizing, reacting and confining these high spin carbon and metal atoms. The continual supply, rehybridization and population inversion of carbon atoms overtime provides conditions conducive the massive and selective diamond and / or CNT productions. By operating the device to physically catalyze and stabilize electronic fixation of high spin states of carbon atoms by intense static arid / or dynamic magnetic fields, the chemical contamination is eliminated or may be modulated for controlled doping during the formation of diamonds and / or CNT, respectively. By operating the device to electronically fix carbon using the catalyst and magnetic fields, the electronic rehybridization rate is enhanced over the rates of currently used older arts of chemical catalytic fixation due to the reinforcing external magnetic field under CVD conditions relative to the intrinsic field of the catalyst and spin interactions with carbon atoms in the absence of the external magnetic field. The external field stabilizes high spin states of carbon and metal atoms, and enhances the intrinsic spin effects of the transition metal for chemical catalytic fixation. Moreover, an intense static external magnetic field stabilizes high spin carbon intermediates leading to stimulated diamond formation. On the other hand an intense dynamic external magnetic field intensified intrinsic spin density waves of the catalyst for enhanced CNT formation. This monumental discovery of magnetically activated rehybridization and stabilization of excited carbon contributes a watershed in the industrial massive production of diamonds and CNT when this magnetic discovery is coupled to new heating methods using IR photons. Furthermore, the stronger magnetic stabilization in this art relative to the weaker inherent fields in the catalyst of the older chemical catalytic art allow lower temperature generation of diamond and CNT. This new art provides diamond-CNT composite materials for novel diamond-CNT interfaces, new doping during the synthesis of diamond. Also in this new art, the magnetic densification of high spin carbon atoms allows more low pressure synthesis of diamond relative to older art. By switching the magnetic field on and off, this new art allows the selection of diamond or carbon nanotube growth.

The invention discloses a nonlinear polarization rotation effect based all-optical adding and subtracting device. The all-optical adding and subtracting device comprises a set of input polarization controllers, a set of optical attenuators, a light-combining device, a nonlinear polarization rotation device, a light splitting device, a set of polarization controllers and a set of polarized beam splitters. The device adopts a principle as follows: after data light and non-modulated light are simultaneously injected into a nonlinear optical fiber or a nonlinear waveguide, an optical power change is introduced into a nonlinear relative phase shift, thereby resulting in the rotation of polarization states of optical signals. At the output end of the nonlinear optical fiber or waveguide, the orthogonal polarization states of multiple wavelength signals are simultaneously filtered by the light splitting device and the polarized beam splitters, so that various basic combinational logics are completed, and an all-optical half adder, a half-subtracter, a full adder and a full subtracter are realized. According to the invention, the logic operation of signals is directly completed in an optical domain, so that an electronic bottleneck is broken through, and a Tb / s-magnitude all-optical adding and subtracting operation can be realized, and therefore, the device disclosed by the invention can be applied to the fields of light-speed optical signal processing and light-speed optical switching networks and the like.

The invention discloses a machine vision detection system for bunchy yarn shape parameters. The system is applied to a method for detecting the quality of slubby yarn in a textile industry. The detection system mainly comprises slubby yarn image acquisition equipment and slubby yarn image processing equipment and a slubby yarn image structure and a slubby yarn image processing algorithm. Due to the adoption of the detection system, a statistical series of slub length, slub space, slub multiplying power and slub cycle can be obtained; the slubby yarn prepared by spinning according to the parameters can have the same vision effect as that of given slubby yarn; and the efficiency and production reliability can be greatly improved and the parameters and spinning effect of the slubby yarn can be visually displayed during the design process of processing materials provided by clients, the spinning process of the slubby yarn, and the quality detection process of the slubby yarn.

The invention discloses an automobile crankshaft thickened hub multi-wedge wheel forming technique and tool. The whole machining process is completed through blanking and punching, shovel spinning formation, stamping formation of arcs and rotary tooth thickening sequentially. A rotary tooth thickening tool for rotary tooth thickening comprises an upper die, a lower die, a positioning core, a cover plate, an unloading plate, an arc rotary wheel, a first pre-spinning wheel, a second pre-spinning wheel and a final formation rotary wheel, wherein the arc rotary wheel, the first pre-spinning wheel, the second pre-spinning wheel and the final formation rotary wheel are used in cooperation sequentially. The automobile crankshaft thickened hub multi-wedge wheel forming technique and tool have the advantages that the machining process is stable, the spinning effect is good, material folding, layering and cracking are not prone to occurring in the forming process, the purpose of integrated formation is achieved, finished products are more stable and firm in structure, and meanwhile the service life is prolonged; and the adopted rotary tooth thickening tool is simple in structure, an obtained pulley groove is smooth in surface and high in precision, the service life of matching belts is prolonged, and meanwhile the production efficiency of products is improved.

A fan assembly can be used under different indoor and outdoor environmental conditions. One or more blades can be attached to an upper bearing assembly and a lower bearing assembly around a central stem. The shape and configuration of the blades can further impart the fan assembly with a 3-dimensional appearance that responds to wind or other air flow, causing a spinning effect. The rigidity of the central stem, as well as components of the blade ensure that the fan assembly maintains the 3-dimensional shape even under high wind or air flow conditions.

The invention discloses a multichannel gradient magnetic field measuring device based on an atomic spin effect. The technical problem to be solved is to overcome the defects of poor flexibility, lowsensitivity, difficulty in miniaturization and the like of the existing magnetic gradient measurement technology; based on the atomic spin effect, space magnetic field measurement can be achieved through a single detection light beam, meanwhile, multiple paths of parallel detection light beams are arranged in the device, magnetic fields at multiple positions in space can be detected at the same time, gradient difference is conducted through the magnetic fields at different positions, and space gradient magnetic field measurement is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductors and discloses a room-temperature transparent ferromagnetic semiconductor material and a preparation method thereof. The room-temperature transparent ferromagnetic semiconductor material is prepared through a technical scheme of preparing novel ferromagnetic semiconductor materials by adding semiconductor functional elements on the basis of amorphous materials with built-in room-temperature magnetism. In an embodiment, the room-temperature transparent ferromagnetic semiconductor material is prepared through magnetron sputtering, the components of the obtained semiconductor materials are Cox(BaFebTac)yO100-x-y, wherein the x and the y are atomic percentages, and the value ranges are that 10<=x<=40, 19<=y<=55, a>b>c and cy>=3. The room-temperature transparent ferromagnetic semiconductor material is a direct band-gap semiconductor with an optical band gap of -3.6 eV and a Curie temperature higher than the room temperature and integrates optical, electrical and magnetic characters; the preparation process is simple; the room-temperature transparent ferromagnetic semiconductor material is an outstanding alternative material applicable to magneto-optical, photoelectric and room-temperature controllable electronic self-spinning devices such as self-spinning effect transistors and self-spinning light emitting diodes.

The invention provides a gas injection and shallow super oil production integrated device,which includes tubing string and sucker rod string. Bottom of tubing string is connected with an injection and production integrated high angle pump of which bottom is connected with a chamfer tubing through a reducer union. Bottom of the chamfer tubing is connected with shoe guide plug. Flow regulator is arranged on the chamfer tubing. Bottom of anti-corrosion and anti-wear rod string is connected with anti-off-screw device of which bottom is connected with anti-corrosion weighing rod of which bottom is connected with anti-off-screw device of which bottom is connected with anti-corrosion and anti-wear sucker rod string and plunger piston. The anti-off-screw device is arranged at two sides of the anti-corrosion and anti-wear sucker rod string. The device achieves throughout and spinning of immobile string, which not only reduces operation times but also avoids cooling damage caused by operation liquid for stratum during the process of spinning operation. Moreover, the device ensures throughout and spinning effect and meanwhile significantly reduces costs of gas injection and oil production.

A system and method for improving available signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and speed of MR imaging of hyperpolarized substances is disclosed. The system and method include decoupling spin effects of hydrogen nuclei from non-hydrogen nuclei of interest during sampling of MR signals therefrom. Though the hydrogen nuclei of the hyperpolarized substance may not be directly bonded to the non-hydrogen nuclei of interest, resonance splitting may still impact SNR. Long range decoupling improves T2* time, and thus preserves signal strength and available SNR.

The present invention relates to a system of rotating platforms for household appliances adaptable to various types of enclosures. The system allows easy access and manipulation without any obstruction to all the objects stored in the enclosure, due to a spin effect of the plates or platforms achieved by a radial impulse applied at its periphery by a drive power source supplemented with an arrangement of removable static shelves by means which are connected with mounting mechanisms present in the walls of the recite, in such a position that manages to take advantage of the internal space of the enclosure that is not occupied by the cylindrical volume of the platform system and functions as a passive mechanism of security, support and balance for the objects stored in the enclosure and that are supported by the platform.

The invention discloses a substrate of an anti-CAF (Conductive Anodic Filament) printed circuit board and a manufacturing method thereof; the substrate comprises a prepreg and metal layers, wherein the metal layers cover on upper and lower positions of the prepreg; the prepreg is the fragmented prepreg; and the manufacturing method for the substrate of the anti-CAF printed circuit board comprises the following steps: step 1, manufacturing the prepreg; step 2, crushing the prepreg; and step 3, manufacturing the substrate. According to the substrate of the anti-CAF printed circuit board and the manufacturing method thereof disclosed by the invention, by adopting a treatment manner of crushing the prepreg, the spinning effect influence of warp and weft yarns in glass fiber cloth can be reduced, so that the dimension swelling and contracting of a base material can be more uniform, and the opportunity for glass fiber diffusion coating is reduced.

The invention discloses a spinning-effect microelectronics integrated test bed. The testing bed comprises a sample bed located in a steady-state magnetic field and rotating around a horizontal shaft;the sample table comprises a measurement unit for measuring a sample electric signal, a microwave unit for forming a microwave field for exciting the sample to produce spinning current, and a heatingunit for establishing temperature gradient on a direction vertical to a sample plane. The test table disclosed by the invention is free from preparing the sample again, multiple spinning-effect related parameters in the same sample are repeatedly measured, the measurement time is saved, and the DC current, the microwave and the temperature gradient can be applied to the sample at the same time, thereby measuring the mutual coupling effect among multiple parameters.

The invention provides an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin composition. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin composition is characterized in that 100 parts of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin, 0.001 to 0.5 part of antioxidant and 0 to 0.6 part of mineral filler are included according to parts by weight, wherein the molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin is between 2,000 thousand and 5,000 thousand, the average particle diameter ranges from 80 mum to 300 mum, the particle size distributional width is less than 3.0, the tensile breaking stress is higher than 25 MPa, and the tensile breaking strain is higher than 200 percent. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin composition overcomes the defects that fibers are easily broken and the fiber property is unstable during the spinning process of the present ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber; the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin has better spinning effect; and the fiber has the characteristics of high strength, high modulus, stable property, and the like.

The present invention is a super conductor electromagnetic transmitter device. This superconductor takes x amount of electro-magnetic energy waves and concentrates them by expulsion into an extremely powerful non-dissipating enhanced Faraday rotated directional output. This expulsion field, since it surrounds a central point in space because of the inner surface of a tube, is concentrated energy in a small space. Thus, it is impulsive and also induces ultra-Faraday rotation effect. In example, instead of Faraday rotation speed of energy wave rotation, the rotation field is much, much faster because of the superconductive Meissner field.

The invention discloses a device for promoting electrostatic spinning of a high-viscosity polymer melt by using a rod-climbing effect, and belongs to the field of electrostatic spinning. The device mainly comprises a receiving device, a temperature sensor, a bent material barrel, a straight material barrel, a heating ring, a piston shaft, an end cover, a pressurizing device, a motor frame, a motor, a rotary needle, a sealing ring, a spinning head and a high-voltage electrostatic generator. A spinning material can be a polymer particle, powder, a section or a melt; the receiving device adopts various modes such as a conductive flat plate, a conductive net, a roller and the like; the spinning head is made from a conductive material such as metal and the like, and the inner diameter of the spinning head is smaller than 1 millimeter; and the pressurizing device can be implemented by a weight-adding manner or adopts a micro propeller. By using the rod-climbing effect, the problem that the polymer material which is high in viscosity and easy in degradation at high temperature is poor in spinning effect; therefore, an ultrathin fiber can be prepared from the high-viscosity polymer melt by electrostatic spinning at lower temperature.

The invention discloses an electrostatic spinning nozzle which comprises a body and at least two rows of nozzle needles. The nozzle needles are connected to the body and communicated with a solution channel inside the body. The nozzle needles are distributed in rows in the length direction of the body. An included angle is formed between the two adjacent nozzle needles. Voltage is applied to the nozzle needles during spinning, electric fields are generated at the nozzle needles, the electric fields affect each other, the two nozzle needles are kept in parallel, distribution of the electric fields is not uniform, the spinning effect is affected, the certain included angle is formed between the two adjacent rows of nozzle needles, the distribution of the structure can offset the component of an electric field perpendicular to the nozzle needles, the electric field force borne by spinning jetting is consistent with the extending direction of the nozzle needles, the distribution of an electric field at the tips of the nozzle needles is uniform, and therefore the spinning quality is improved.

A system and method for improving available signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and speed of MR imaging of hyperpolarized substances is disclosed. The system and method include decoupling spin effects of hydrogen nuclei from non-hydrogen nuclei of interest during sampling of MR signals therefrom. Though the hydrogen nuclei of the hyperpolarized substance may not be directly bonded to the non-hydrogen nuclei of interest, resonance splitting may still impact SNR. Long range decoupling improves T2* time, and thus preserves signal strength and available SNR.

The invention discloses a sizing machine with dyeing and fluff detecting functions. The sizing machine comprises a warp beam, a first dyeing device, a first fluff detecting device, a first nano spinning device, a second fluff detecting device, a second nano spinning device, a plasma singeing device and a winding device. The invention further discloses a method for manufacturing sized yarn. A spray dying process is adopted for the first dyeing device, the varieties of dyes can be adjusted at any time, the dyes do not need to be dissolved with water or carbon dioxide, the dyeing process is simple, dyeing efficiency is high, and the cost is low. The two fluff detecting devices and the two nano spinning devices are adopted, so that the fluff detecting effect and the nano spinning effect are effectively improved. In addition, spray dyeing, fluff detection and nano spinning can be achieved through the machine, the work efficiency is effectively improved, the complex degree of the machine is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

A multi-channel gradient magnetic field measurement device based on the atomic spin effect. The technical problem to be solved is: to overcome the shortcomings of the existing magnetic gradient measurement technology such as poor flexibility, low sensitivity, and unfavorable miniaturization. Based on the atomic spin effect, use A single beam of probe light can realize spatial magnetic field measurement. At the same time, there are multiple parallel probe beams inside the device, which can detect magnetic fields at multiple positions in space at the same time, and realize the measurement of spatial gradient magnetic field through gradient difference of magnetic fields at different positions.

The invention provides an inertia and magnetic field integration measuring method based on an SERF (spin-exchange-relaxation-free) atomic spin effect. The inertia and magnetic field integration measuring method based on the SERF atomic spin effect comprises the following steps: firstly establishing an overall model for the inertia and magnetic field integration measurement; secondly, manufacturing a measurement sensing unit, and carrying out high-frequency alternating current non-magnetic electric heating; starting a driving laser (z-axis) for carrying out optical pumping on the sensing unit; and emitting a detection laser (x-axis) in a direction vertical to the z-axis; thirdly, carrying out driving magnetic compensation through a three-dimensional magnetic compensation coil so as to counteract a magnetic field of the outside world; fourthly, carrying out azimuth alignment on a main magnetic field and the driving laser and hyperpolarization nucleon self-spin so as to realize the nuclear spin-electron spin strong coupling; fifthly, extracting the information of the atomic spin precession movement in the detection laser by adopting a closed-loop faraday modulation detection method, and obtaining inertia angular speed information; and finally, obtaining the current value of a compensation signal of the magnetic field, and calculating to obtain the information of the current magnetic field. The inertia and magnetic field integration measuring method based on the SERF atomic spin effect has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and strong autonomy.

The invention is a building approach for space-borne polarization SAR Faraday rotation effect correction platform, which has eight steps. Step 1: The linear-polarization SAR complex image data format processing; Step 2: The linear-polarization SAR complex image data memory block processing; Step 3: The complex covariance matrix calculation of SAR image data block; Steps 4: The imaginary part construction complex number statistics based on the complex covariance; Step 5: Calculate the phase angle of the complex number statistics to obtain the estimated value of the Faraday rotation angle omega; Step 6: Use the global navigation system TEC data to obtain the estimated value of Faraday rotation angle of non-ambiguity omega<F>; Step 7: Use omega<F> for correction processing on the effect of ionospheric Faraday rotation; Step 8: In accordance with Step 3 to Step 7, conduct the correction processing of Faraday rotation effect on each complex image data block until the completion of correction processing. The invention presents a complete solution to the angle ambiguity in the existing Faraday rotation estimation method and has a wide range of practical value and application prospect.

The invention provides the electrostatic spinning method of free liquid-surface multi-nozzle arrangement. There are more than three nozzles. Each free liquid-surface nozzle is placed below a receivingdevice. A free liquid-surface nozzle arrangement mode is formed based on three-nozzle arrangement. The three nozzles are arranged to form one basis unit. The formation of the basis unit is determined. One nozzle is added subsequently and is arranged in the mode of forming the basis unit with the arranged nozzles. And then, through an electric field, the critical voltage value of each free liquid-surface nozzle is simulated and calculated. A critical voltage is independently loaded on each free liquid-surface nozzle so that the free liquid surface of each free liquid-surface nozzle is completely excited to emit a plurality of jet flows, and the jet flows are drawn into a long and thin shape so as to form nanometer fibers which are received by receiving device base cloth. The multi-nozzle arrangement is adopted to carry out electrostatic spinning, production efficiency is greatly increased, and simultaneously, a wire output state is stable, a spinning effect is good, and the method canbe used for batch electrostatic spinning.

The invention discloses a spin effect microelectronics integrated test bench, which includes a sample stage which is in a steady magnetic field and rotates around a horizontal axis, and the sample stage includes a measuring unit for measuring the electrical signal of a sample, for A microwave unit is formed at the sample to excite it to generate a microwave field of spin flow, and a heating unit is used to establish a temperature gradient in a direction perpendicular to the sample plane. The present invention does not need to re-sample, and performs multiple measurements on various spin-effect related parameters in the same sample, saving measurement time, and can also apply DC current, microwave and temperature gradient to the sample at the same time to measure the relationship between various parameters. mutual coupling effect.