The invention relates to the technical field of earphone testing, in particular to an earphone voice pickup sensor vibration test system and vibration test method, and the system comprises an upper computer, a vibration table, an acceleration sensor, a sound card, an adaptive amplifier and a power amplifier. The sound card receives signals transmitted by the upper computer and outputs the signals to the power amplifier, and the power amplifier amplifies the signals and then drives the vibration table to vibrate; the adaptive amplifier supplies power to the acceleration sensor and transmits signals fed back by the acceleration sensor to the sound card, and the sound card receives the signals and transmits the signals to the upper computer. The test method comprises the step of calibrating the vibration test system by using the delivery calibration curve of the acceleration sensor. According to the system and the test method, the acceleration sensor is used for calibrating the amplitude of the vibration table, the problem that the amplitudes of the vibration tables of multiple sets of test systems are inconsistent under the same frequency is solved, copying of the vibration test systems is facilitated, and the system and the test method have the advantages of accurate test result, high efficiency, good stability and the like and can meet batch test requirements of production lines.