The invention belongs to the field of laser focusing ablation, excitation and ionization optical path systems, and relates to a high-power focusing optical path system for the continuous adjustment ofthe dimension of a laser spot. The system is suitable for a laser spectrometer, a laser mass spectrometer, and a laser inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy or mass spectrometer. The optical path sequentially comprises a beam expanding lens group, a mechanical diaphragm, a tuning lens group, a high-power focusing lens group and a window plate along a propagation track of a beam. The optical total length is 350-700mm, the back focal length is 20-200mm, the external diameter of a lens is 20-25.4mm, and the focusing multiple is greater than 25. The beam expanding lens group performs the two-time expanding of laser, thereby facilitating the subsequent high-power focusing. The spacing between lenses of the tuning lens group is changed, and the size of the mechanical diaphragm is fixed, so the divergence angle of laser can be changed to obtain laser spots in different sizes. The aperture of the mechanical diaphragm is changed, and the spacing between lenses of the tuning lens group is fixed, so the laser spots in different sizes are obtained through the detailed theoretical calculation and actual error restoration, and the adjustable range of the focusing laser spots is 5-600 microns.