The invention discloses a finger vein image segmentation method based on directional valley detection, a system thereof and a terminal. The method comprises the following steps: 1, a finger vein imageacquired by an image acquisition module is received; 2, ridgelet transformation is carried out on an intercepted finger vein image and image enhancement processing is carried out; 3, a valley area isextracted for the vein image after enhancement processing; 4, the obtained vein image is divided to three areas: a background area, a confusion area and a foreground area, and three times of threshold segmentation processing are carried out on the three areas; and 5, the obtained segmented image is subjected to edge detection, and a segmented image after processing is outputted. According to thesystem and the method of the invention, an algorithm is put forward according to some intrinsic information contained in vein images such as the shape, the step property and the direction, the vein features of interest in the image can be accurately extracted, and extracted error features can be reduced.