The present invention relates to a high power non liquid cooling severe style constant temperature device, which consists of a thermal insulation unit, a semiconductor thermoelectric apparatus, a heat capacity block, a radiator, a temperature detector, a temperature control unit and a switching power. The thermal insulation unit consists of a thermal insulation box and thermal insulation filling materials, the thermal insulation filling materials is arranged in the thermal insulation box, the semiconductor thermoelectric apparatus, the heat capacity block and a temperature controlled optoelectronic device are arranged at the central part inside the thermal insulation box, and contacts with the thermal insulation filling materials; the temperature detector is directly pasted and covered on the outer surface of the optoelectronic device. The high power non liquid cooling severe style constant temperature device of the present invention has the advantages of novel concept, severe structure, large amount of refrigeration and heating, small size, convenient installation, no liquid refrigerator and compressor needed, no pollution, quick refrigeration speed, fine control performance, and easy industrialized batch production, etc; the present invention can be widely used for the temperature control of the apparatus needing constant temperature operation in the optoelectronic field, in particular to the site needing large amount of refrigeration and heating.