The invention discloses a quick support formwork for a pipe gallery and a construction method thereof. The quick support formwork includes a traveling structure, a supporting structure located on theupper part of the traveling structure, an auxiliary structure used for assisting construction, a side wall formwork, a top corner formwork, a top side formwork, and a top middle formwork; the supporting structure includes a support base, a special-shaped vertical column, a positioning connector, a support screw, a demolding oil cylinder, a side wall formwork bracket, a top mold bracket, the special-shaped vertical column is mounted on the support base as the main body of the supporting structure, the positioning connector, the support screw, and the demolding oil cylinder are mounted on the outer side of the special-shaped vertical column and connected with the side wall formwork bracket; the auxiliary structure includes an integral jacking cylinder, an in-place fixing screw, a rotating platform, and a middle support rod used for supporting the top middle formwork. When side wall position concrete meets the demolding requirements specified in the construction specifications, the side wall formwork and the top side formwork can be demolded separately, and the top middle formwork is retained until the concrete strength of pipe gallery roof slabs fully meet the design requirements.