30results about How to "Reduce exhaust" patented technology

An excitation closer capable of improving closing reliability comprises a shell with a cavity, a first conductor and a second conductor, the first conductor and the second conductor are arranged in the shell in a penetrating mode in an insulated and opposite spaced mode, an excitation source and a piston are arranged in the cavity of the shell, the piston is of a shell-shaped structure with one end open and one end closed, and at least the peripheral face of the piston is made of conductive materials. The open end of the piston faces the driving force release end of the excitation source, and the closed end of the piston is arranged corresponding to the relatively spaced ends of the first conductor and the second conductor; the excitation source can act according to a received trigger signal to release driving force to drive the piston to move towards the first conductor and the second conductor, so that the piston is clamped between the ends, oppositely arranged at intervals, of the first conductor and the second conductor in a plastic deformation mode, and the first conductor and the second conductor are conducted. According to the invention, the reliability of conduction between the first conductor and the second conductor is improved through the plastically deformed piston.

The invention discloses an engineering cell and application thereof in preparation of a whole-cell tumor vaccine, and belongs to the technical field of biological medicines. According to the engineering cell disclosed by the invention, the form and antigenicity of the tumor cells can be retained through intracellular gelation of the tumor cells, and CD47 blocking and DAMP exposure can enhance the immune recognition capability of the tumor cells and resist immune escape, so that the immunogenicity is improved, and the therapeutic immune response is promoted.

The utility model relates to the technical field of semiconductors and photovoltaics, in particular to an air exhaust structure and processing equipment, and solves the problem that in the prior art, air exhaust amount difference is large when air in multiple environments is exhausted through one pipeline sharing an air exhaust device. The air exhaust structure comprises an air exhaust pipeline, the air exhaust pipeline is provided with a pipe cavity, the air exhaust pipeline is provided with an air exhaust opening, the pipe wall of the air exhaust pipeline is provided with a first air inlet and a second air inlet, and at least one flow uniformizing piece is arranged in the pipe cavity of the air exhaust pipeline to divide the pipe cavity into a second cavity and at least one first cavity. Each first cavity is communicated with at least one first air inlet, each second cavity is communicated with at least one second air inlet, and suction force can act on air at each first air inlet and air at each second air inlet under the condition that the air extraction opening executes air extraction. According to the air exhaust structure and the processing equipment provided by the invention, the difference of the air displacement at each air inlet in the air exhaust structure can be reduced, so that the air exhaust uniformity and stability at each part are improved.

The utility model discloses a kind of two-stage compressor and air conditioning system, the two-stage compressor includes suction end cover, further include the screw compressor for the low-pressure stage part of the two-stage compressor, and the sliding vane compressor for the high-pressure stage part of the two-stage compressor;The screw compressor and the sliding vane compressor are connected in series in the rear end of the suction end cover.Compared with prior art, the utility model uses the two-stage compressor of low-pressure stage for screw compressor, high-pressure stage for sliding vane compressor, compared with traditional two-stage screw compressor can be applied to lower exhaust capacity, and with smaller volume and lower cost, higher operating stability.

The invention discloses coal gangue with a low oil absorption value and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polymer composite material functional assistants, and the coal gangue is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of coal gangue, 3-4 parts of palmitic acid, 2-4 parts of stearic acid, 2-5 parts of polyethylene wax, 3-7 parts of polypropylene wax and 5-10 parts of linear low density polyethylene powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, stirring, heating, and extruding in a single screw extruder after stirring to obtain the coal gangue with low oil absorption value. Through a multi-layer filling modification technology, the coal gangue is gradually filled and modified by the low-viscosity-high-viscosity auxiliary agent, and the modified coal gangue which is low in oil absorption value, low in gas displacement and high in compatibility is obtained. In addition, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the preparation method is simple and convenient to popularize and apply.

The invention provides a preparation method of a mouse dry CAR-T cell and a hydrogel cell bank thereof, so that the encapsulated CAR-Tscm can be prevented from being interfered by adverse factors in a tumor microenvironment to the greatest extent, a dry state is reserved, and a depletion process is slowed down, thereby realizing long-term anti-tumor activity. On one hand, in the CAR-T preparation process, the optimal IL-7 and IL-15 induction proportion of a dry CAR-T cell subset is screened out, and the CAR-T cell depletion is relieved in combination with a metabolism regulation medicine. And on the other hand, the dry CAR-T cells and other components are encapsulated by adopting the hydrogel with high biocompatibility, and the hydrogel has injectability, can form a stem cell bank in vivo, is simple to operate and has relatively high clinical application potential.

This invention discloses a low-temperature dry dust removal device for phosphorus furnace gas, comprising: two sets of series-connected metal felt filter screens, filter screen electric heaters, a backflushing system, a dust collection funnel, a spiral dust collector, and a fan. The outlet pipe of the yellow phosphorus furnace gas is connected to the inlet of the series-connected metal felt filter screens. Each metal felt filter screen is equipped with an electric heater. The backflushing system achieves dust removal by adjusting the valve switch to reverse the gas flow. The filter cake outlet of the metal felt filter screen is connected to the inlet of the dust collection funnel. The outlet of the metal felt filter screen is connected to the inlet of the fan. The dust outlet at the bottom front side of the metal felt filter screen and the dust collection funnel are sealed and connected to the dust inlet of the closed spiral dust collector. The outlet of the fan is the exhaust port of the device. This device can solve the problem of yellow phosphorus furnace gas condensation clogging and corrosion of equipment, achieve low-temperature and high-efficiency dust removal of yellow phosphorus furnace gas, and improve filtration efficiency and phosphorus yield.

The invention relates to the field of conveying and feeding, and discloses a barite powder conveying and feeding system which comprises a feeding frame. The conveying pipe is arranged on the feeding frame and communicated with the hopper of the feeding frame; the auger blade is arranged in the conveying pipe; the state of the cloth bag can be dynamically adjusted in the powder conveying process, the cloth bag is tightened from the middle and forms an hourglass shape when the powder is filled, the powder is pressed, air in the cloth bag is discharged, and therefore the compactness of the powder is improved, barite powder forms a group, and dissipation of dust is reduced when the discharging port is opened to release the powder subsequently. In addition, when the cloth bag is released, powder attached to the surface can be automatically shaken off, powder accumulation and influence on exhaust are avoided, smoothness and continuity of the follow-up conveying process are ensured, waste caused by dust raising when barite powder is conveyed and fed is reduced, dust leakage is effectively controlled, the operation environment is improved, and the service life of the barite powder is prolonged. And the safety and the stability of the whole system are improved.

This article provides a free piston linear generator system and a control method thereof. The generator system includes: a cylinder body, having a first piston chamber, an air inlet, a combustion chamber, an exhaust port and a second piston chamber, the combustion chamber is located between the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, the air inlet is located between the first piston chamber and the combustion chamber, and the exhaust port is located between the second piston chamber and the combustion chamber; a piston group including a first piston and a second piston, the first piston is movably arranged in the first piston chamber, and the second piston is movably arranged in the second piston chamber; wherein a first reset unit is provided between the first piston and the end of the first piston chamber facing away from the combustion chamber, a second reset unit is provided between the second piston and the end of the second piston chamber facing away from the combustion chamber, and a driving force function mechanism capable of generating an acceleration and deceleration of the second piston is provided between the second piston and the peripheral wall of the second piston chamber. The free piston linear generator system can adjust the gas exchange process to be more reasonable.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal refining, and provides an oxygen-enriched side blowing lead smelting furnace which comprises a lead smelting furnace mechanism, a smoke exhaust control mechanism is installed in the middle of the upper end of the lead smelting furnace mechanism, a driving mechanism is installed on the left side of the upper end of the lead smelting furnace mechanism, and an upper side blowing mechanism is installed on the upper middle portion of the lead smelting furnace mechanism. And a lower side blowing mechanism is mounted at the middle lower part of the lead smelting furnace mechanism. When the temperature in the furnace is too low, the rotating ball continues to slide leftwards to pull the air blowing pipe to rotate horizontally, then the air blowing pipe obliquely blows oxygen to the depression angle of the liquid level, the oxygen can be obliquely and directly blown to the liquid level, meanwhile, downward vortexes are formed at the upper end of the liquid level, the oxygen can fully react with molten materials, and the combustion reaction efficiency is further improved; and when the temperature in the upper furnace body is too high, the gas blowing pipe obliquely blows oxygen to the elevation angle of the liquid level, upward vortexes are formed above the liquid level, the oxygen emission rate is further increased, the oxidative combustion reaction is reduced, and a better cooling effect is achieved.

This invention relates to a CAR T cell that secretes CTLA-4 nanobody targeting FAP, its preparation method, and its application. The CAR T cell is a T cell modified with chimeric antigen receptor FAP VHH-HIStag-CD8-CD137-CD3ζ-CTLA-4VHH-GFP, the nucleotide sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID NO.1. The preparation method of the CAR T cell includes: constructing a recombinant lentiviral vector, packaging lentivirus, infecting T cells with lentivirus, inducing in vitro, expanding and culturing, and obtaining engineered CAR T cells that secrete CTLA-4 nanobody targeting FAP. FAP-CTLA-4 / Nb CAR T cells have a good killing effect on FAP-positive tumor cells. The killing effect of FAP-CTLA-4 / Nb CAR T cells on tumor cells is related to the expression level of FAP in tumor-associated cells, providing a new strategy for adoptive immunotherapy of tumors.

The application relates to the fields of biotechnology and targeted therapy, and particularly relates to a recombinant construct, a CAR-T cell and construction and application thereof. The application verifies the role and mechanism of THEMIS in maintaining the long-term killing of tumor cells of CAR-T through experiments. The CAR-T cell overexpressing THEMIS is constructed, compared with a control group, the proliferation capacity and memory cell formation capacity of the THEMIS-7x19 CAR-T cell are enhanced after antigen stimulation, and the cytokines are in a controllable state, the cell apoptosis and exhaustion are reduced, and the long-term tumor killing capacity can be maintained more effectively. The in-vivo experiment also proves that the THEMIS-7x19 CAR-T cell has stronger anti-tumor effect compared with the control group in a lymphoma tumor-bearing mouse model, and the survival time of the mouse is significantly prolonged.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method of a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material for ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) test, which comprises the following steps: digesting the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and fixing the volume, dispersing the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material in a dispersion medium before digesting, heating to 430-460 DEG C, carrying out oxidation reaction, and keeping for 1.5-3 hours. Comprising the following steps: S1, ultrasonic dispersion: weighing a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion in a dispersion medium for 3-6 minutes to obtain a dispersion; s2, heating to remove carbon: heating the dispersion to generate oxidation reaction to obtain an oxidized sample; s3, acid digestion: mashing the oxidized sample into powder, and adding a digestion reagent until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain a digestion solution; and S4, constant volume: carrying out constant volume on the digestion solution by using pure water. The lithium iron phosphate is heated for 1.5-3 hours in an aerobic environment at the temperature of 430-460 DEG C, so that a carbon coating on the surface of the lithium iron phosphate can be effectively removed, and the content detection result of a main element Li is more accurate; concentrated hydrochloric acid is used for replacing mixed acid for digestion, so that waste gas is greatly reduced, and risks in safety and environmental protection are reduced.

The application discloses a clothes processing device, comprising: a drying air duct arranged above a drum assembly, the drying air duct comprising an air diffusing duct and two air chambers, the air diffusing duct being in communication with an air outlet and the two air chambers, and the two air chambers being in communication with an air inlet; a water box arranged on the top of the drum assembly and in communication with a clothes accommodating chamber, the water box being located on one side of the air diffusing duct, and the top of the water box being provided with an exhaust air duct in communication with the inside of the water box, one end of the exhaust air duct being in communication with the air diffusing duct; wherein the air in the water box can enter the air diffusing duct through the exhaust air duct, and the airflow direction of the exhaust air duct entering the air diffusing duct is consistent with the airflow direction in the air diffusing duct. Therefore, the air in the water box can be introduced into the drying channel through the exhaust air duct, and then introduced into the drum assembly through the drying channel, so that the exhaust of the water box is realized, the setting of the exhaust pipe is reduced, the structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a plasma device and method for treating radioactive waste through liquid metal. A method for treating radioactive waste through liquid metal comprises the following steps that tin is put into a plasma furnace, and the tin is molten into a liquid state under the action of plasma jet to form a liquid metal layer; the radioactive waste resin is dried and crushed into particles, the particles are sent into the liquid metal layer through nitrogen, oxygen is introduced into the liquid metal layer, a glass solution layer is generated on the liquid metal layer, tail gas is decomposed out, and after the glass solution layer is cooled, vitrified solids are obtained. According to the method, volume reduction and innocent treatment of the radioactive waste resin can be simply, conveniently and efficiently achieved, meanwhile, coking is prevented from blocking a furnace body, and the ignition loss rate of bottom slag is reduced.

The present invention relates to an o / w emulsion comprising an oil phase, an aqueous phase and particles dispersed in the aqueous phase, wherein the particles are lipid nanoparticles (LNP) comprising a nucleic acid component, the particles being capable of stabilizing the oil-water interface. The invention also discloses a pharmaceutical composition, such as a vaccine, comprising the o / w emulsion.

The invention provides a control method and device, a medium, electronic equipment, an outdoor unit and an air conditioning system.The control method comprises the following steps that when the outdoor unit runs in a heating mode and receives an operation command that a user turns off part of indoor units or turns down the air gear, the outdoor environment temperature T < outer ring > is obtained; when the obtained outdoor environment temperature Touter ring is larger than or equal to the preset heating pressure relief outer ring temperature T1, it is judged that pressure relief judgment control needs to be conducted; otherwise, judging that the system does not need pressure relief treatment and runs normally; when the outdoor unit operates in the refrigeration mode, the outdoor environment temperature Touter ring is obtained; when the obtained outdoor environment temperature Touter ring is smaller than or equal to the preset low-temperature starting environment temperature T2, it is judged that the outdoor temperature is low, and low-temperature starting preheating is conducted; otherwise, judging that the outdoor temperature is relatively high, and performing normal operation. The method is used for air supply control or pressure relief control under the refrigerating and heating conditions, stable and reliable operation of the system is ensured, and the low-temperature operation reliability is improved.

The invention discloses an application of Pomalidomide in preparation of a medicine for long-term immune reconstitution of an HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) patient. According to the application disclosed by the invention, the research finds that pomalidomide can be used for remarkably inhibiting the replication of HIV-1 in MT-4 and Jurkat cell lines, primary CD4 + T cells and humanized mouse models for the first time, and the Pomalidomide can be used for increasing the quantity of CD4 + T and the ratio of CD4 to CD8, increasing the activation of T cells, reducing the depletion of the T cells and promoting immune reconstruction no matter in a cell model or a mouse model. The invention provides a theoretical basis for research and development of medicines for long-term immune reconstitution of HIV patients, opens up a new application of Pomalidomide, provides a brand new method for treating HIV infection and promoting long-term immune reconstitution of HIV patients, and has a wide application prospect in the technical field of treatment of HIV infection.

There are provided a physical foaming agent introduction filter, and an apparatus and a method for producing a foamed molded product, capable of reducing a vent-up phenomenon and stably supplying a physical foaming agent to a starvation zone. A physical foaming agent introduction filter 101 includes a filter body 102 and a plurality of fine holes 103 provided in the filter body 102. Each of the fine holes 103 includes a resin-contact-side hole 103a that opens toward one surface side of the filter body 102 and that is adapted to be in contact with molten resin, and a physical foaming agent introduction hole 103b that opens toward the other surface side of the filter body 102 and that communicates with the resin-contact-side hole 103a to allow a physical foaming agent to be introduced into the physical foaming agent introduction hole 103b. The resin-contact-side hole 103a has a diameter that is equal to or smaller than a diameter of the physical foaming agent introduction hole 103b, and that is 10 to 80 um.

This invention belongs to the field of tower foot welding technology, specifically referring to a welding device for the feet of power angle steel towers. It includes a support frame, a transverse slide, a positioning platform, a measuring drive mechanism, a dust-collecting welding mechanism, a compressed air anti-scattering mechanism, and a controller. The transverse slide is mounted on the upper wall of the support frame, and the positioning platform is symmetrically positioned on the upper walls at both ends of the support frame. The measuring drive mechanism is mounted on the transverse slide and includes a drive component, a sliding component, and a measuring component. The drive component is located on the upper walls at both ends of the transverse slide, the sliding component is located on the upper wall of the transverse slide, and the measuring component is located on the side wall of the drive component. This invention provides a welding device for the feet of power angle steel towers capable of collecting welding fumes generated during the welding process and compressing the dust particles in the welding fumes into a cake to prevent secondary diffusion of the fumes.

The invention relates to the field of grid line films, and discloses a grid line film protection method and a grid line film production device, and the grid line film protection method comprises the following steps: step 1, a to-be-coated grid line film enters a coating module to be coated with paint for protection; 2, the airflow with free charges is blown out through an exhaust frame at the lower end of the air duct, and static electricity is removed; thirdly, the two wind scoopers rotate in different directions, and the airflow discharge amount is controlled to be blown to the thin film; fourthly, air exhausted downwards through an exhaust outlet moves back and forth at the same time, and dust on the surfaces of the grid lines is blown away; airflow with free charges is discharged downwards from the exhaust frame to remove static electricity on the upper surface of the film, and in the static electricity removing process, the exhaust frame slides back and forth at the bottom end of the air duct in a small range to move perpendicular to the advancing direction of the film, so that the static electricity is removed in the downward flowing process of the airflow discharged from the exhaust frame. The exhaust frame swings back and forth under the action of inertia in the back-and-forth moving process, and dust is blown away from the two sides of the film while the blowing range of the upper surface of the film is increased.

The invention discloses a chimeric antigen receptor for expressing a membrane-anchored PD-1 antibody and application, and relates to the technical field of biological medicines. An MSLN antigen is used as a target spot, an immune checkpoint PD-1 is combined for design, an optimal mode for combining the MSLN antigen and the immune checkpoint PD-1 is found, an MSLN CAR molecule for expressing a membrane anchoring PD-1 antibody is obtained, and a novel CAR-T cell therapy is developed based on the CAR molecule. Specifically, the invention provides a chimeric antigen receptor containing an MSLN targeting structure and a PD-1 antibody anchoring structure, the MSLN targeting structure comprises a coding sequence of the chimeric antigen receptor targeting MSLN, and the PD-1 antibody anchoring structure comprises a coding sequence of a membrane anchored PD-1 antibody. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments show that the treatment effect of the anti PD-1 amplified MSLN CAR-T is superior to that of a second generation MSLN CAR-T and that of a fourth generation MSLN CAR-T secreting a PD-1 antibody, the molecule can enable MSLN and PD-1 to have a synergistic effect, the immune effect of the CAR molecule is greatly improved, and the life cycle of tumor patients is obviously prolonged.

The invention discloses a modified graphite material, a preparation method and application thereof and a lithium ion battery. The preparation method of the modified graphite material comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out first mixing on natural graphite and a modifier to obtain a first precursor; wherein the modifier is a liquid phase system containing polymerization reaction functional groups; s2, performing second mixing on the first precursor and asphalt, and performing granulation treatment on the mixture to obtain a second precursor; and S3, carrying out graphitization treatment on the second precursor to obtain the lithium ion battery positive electrode material. And the lithium ion battery obtained by taking the obtained modified graphite material as the negative electrode material has excellent rate capability and cycle performance.

Provided are a sheet and a sealing material which are based on clay and have excellent electrical insulation properties in a high-temperature environment. A sheet and a sealing material including the sheet, the sheet having a first component as a main component, optionally including a second component, the first component being clay, the rate of change in diameter as a heat dimensional stability being 10% or less, and the content of iron oxide being 6% by weight or less when the weight of the whole sheet is 100% by weight. Furthermore, the second component is a filler, the total of the first component and the second component is 90% by weight or more when the weight of the entire sheet is 100% by weight, and the ratio of the first component to the second component is 20: 80-100: 0. In this case, the expanded clay is expanded muscovite, and at least some of the K + ions located between the layers of the muscovite in the expanded muscovite are exchanged with Li + ions. In addition, the second component is a clay or oxide filler.

The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling an internal combustion engine (1) having a pre-chamber spark plug (3) and a hook-shaped spark plug (4) in a combustion chamber (2). In a first operating region of the internal combustion engine (1), combustion in the combustion chamber (2) is triggered by the pre-chamber spark plug (3), and in a second operating region of the internal combustion engine, combustion is triggered by the hook-shaped spark plug (4).

The utility model relates to a flow control device for a circulating cooling water pipeline of a gas power station, which is characterized in that a cooling water inlet pipe a, a cooling water outlet pipe b, a hot gas inlet pipe c and a hot gas outlet pipe d are arranged on a heat exchanger; a first electromagnetic flow valve, a second electromagnetic flow valve, a third electromagnetic flow valve and a fourth electromagnetic flow valve are installed on the cooling water inlet pipe a, the cooling water outlet pipe b, the hot air inlet pipe c and the hot air outlet pipe d correspondingly, and a PLC control device is fixedly arranged on one side of the heat exchanger. When the air inlet temperature in the hot air inlet pipe c reaches a preset value, the air inlet amount of the hot air inlet pipe c and the air displacement of the hot air outlet pipe d can be reduced through the PLC control device, meanwhile, the water inlet amount of the cooling water inlet pipe a and the water outlet amount of the cooling water outlet pipe b are increased, the heat energy utilization rate is increased, and energy consumption is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic cutting, in particular to multi-dimensional ultrasonic deep hole cutting equipment which comprises a sleeve and a drill rod, an amplitude-change pole is mounted in the sleeve through an ultrasonic vibration assembly, an annular pipe is fixedly connected to the amplitude-change pole in a sleeving mode, and a rotating ring is rotationally connected to the annular pipe in a sleeving mode; a transmission assembly is arranged at one end of the sleeve, the drill rod is fixedly sleeved with a ratchet gear, rectangular pipes are symmetrically and fixedly installed on the inner ring wall of the rotating ring, trapezoidal blocks are inserted into the two rectangular pipes in a sealed and sliding mode, and first telescopic springs are fixedly installed at one ends of the trapezoidal blocks. Through mutual cooperation of the transmission assembly, the rotating ring, the annular pipe, the ratchet wheel, the rectangular pipe, the first telescopic spring and the trapezoidal block, the drill rod is pre-tightened, so that the drill rod and the amplitude-change pole can be stably connected together, the threaded connection position of the drill rod and the amplitude-change pole is prevented from loosening in the drilling process, and the drilling quality is effectively improved.

The invention relates to the field of cell cryopreservation, in particular to a cryopreservation resuscitation fluid for immune cells, the cryopreservation resuscitation fluid comprises NAD < + > or precursor molecules thereof, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and human serum albumin (HSA), the invention also provides a method for using the cryopreservation resuscitation fluid, the cell viability can be obviously improved, the cell state can be improved, the cell depletion can be reduced, and the immune cells can be recovered. The good proliferation capacity of the cells is maintained.

An arc-extinguishing system and circuit breaker are disclosed. The arc-extinguishing system includes two parallel arc-extinguishing chambers. In a first direction, the arc inlets of the two arc-extinguishing chambers are spaced apart and opposite each other. The end of each arc-extinguishing chamber furthest from the arc inlet is an exhaust end. Multiple arc-extinguishing grids arranged in a second direction are disposed within the arc-extinguishing chamber located between the arc inlet and the exhaust end. A magnet assembly is also disposed outside each arc-extinguishing chamber. The magnet assembly includes a permanent magnet and pairs of magnetic conductive plates. In the second direction, the permanent magnet and the arc-extinguishing chamber are stacked. In a third direction, the arc-extinguishing chamber and the permanent magnet are located between each pair of magnetic conductive plates. The two magnetic poles of the permanent magnet are respectively attached to each pair of magnetic conductive plates to generate an arc-initiating magnetic field, which covers both the arc inlet and the exhaust end of the arc-extinguishing chamber. In this invention, a magnet assembly is disposed outside each arc-extinguishing chamber. The magnetic conductive plates and the permanent magnet work together to generate an arc-initiating magnetic field that completely covers the arc-extinguishing chamber, facilitating the movement of the arc into the arc-extinguishing chamber and thus improving the arc-initiating and arc-extinguishing efficiency.