The invention discloses a decoder architecture which is universal for 5G LDPC codes and is high in throughput rate and low in complexity for the first time. Firstly, by utilizing partial orthogonalityof a 5G LDPC code base matrix, the number of clock cycles is reduced by adopting a layer merging technology, and meanwhile, the area consumption of a check information memory is reduced. Secondly, because the line weight of the 5G LDPC is very irregular, a distributed storage structure is adopted to reduce the consumption of storage resources. And finally, in order to solve the problems of high delay and high complexity caused by large-scale reading and writing into the internet, a shifting structure is adopted to realize the soft message memory, so that the input and output number of the internet is greatly reduced. In addition, information rearrangement is applied to the internet to optimize the internal architecture of the internet. Compared with the conventional design, the decoder disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the area is greatly reduced, a higher throughput rate can be provided, and the throughput rate-area ratio is increased to 2.68 times of the original throughput rate-area ratio.