This invention discloses a small header structure and operating method for a 650℃ high-efficiency ultra-supercritical
tower boiler, relating to the field of boiler technology. It solves the problem of reaching the upper limit of ferritic heat-resistant steel in the main and reheat steam outlet headers of
tower boilers. The invention includes a main header, connecting pipes, a small header, and an outlet
pipe joint. Each tube panel of the final stage
superheater or reheater in the
tower boiler is connected to a small header via an outlet
pipe joint; the small header is connected to the main header via connecting pipes; the main header, connecting pipes, and small header are all made of iron-
nickel-based high-temperature
alloy materials. This invention, through the main and reheat steam outlet header and small header structure, can reduce inter-tube temperature deviation, effectively eliminating the thermal stress caused by inter-tube deviation in conventional large header schemes. It can also reduce the wall thickness of the main header, as thermal stress is proportional to wall thickness, thus reducing thermal stress, improving
compressive strength, and facilitating flexible operation.