55 results about "Atmospheric composition" patented technology

An apparatus for measuring distance to a surface is disclosed. The apparatus transmits at least one subsequent pulse of light prior to receiving a reflection of a previously sent pulse of light. Thus, multiple pulses of light are in-flight at a given time. The embodiments are applicable to terrain mapping, bathymetry, seismology, detecting faults, biomass measurement, wind speed measurement, temperature calculation, traffic speed measurement, military target identification, surface to air rangefinding, high definition survey, close range photogrammetry, atmospheric composition, meteorology, distance measurement, as well as many other applications. Examples of such apparatuses include laser ranging systems, such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems, and laser scanners. Data received from the apparatus by a data processing unit can be used to create a data model, such as a point cloud, digital surface model or digital terrain model describing the surface, terrain, and / or objects.

[Object] It is an object of the invention to provide a cleaning apparatus for cleaning a precision substrate capable of preventing a contamination factor from adhering again, to prevent a natural oxide film from being formed, and to prevent a water mark.[Solving Means] In a cleaning apparatus 1, a substrate-to-be-cleaned 2 is disposed in a container 3, and an atmosphere component measuring device 4 which measures an atmosphere in the container 3, gas supply means 5 for controlling an atmosphere, and gas discharge means 6 and 7 are disposed in the cleaning apparatus 1, the cleaning apparatus 1 includes at least one the gas supply means 5 which equally supplies gas from a portion opposed to a surface-to-be-cleaned, gas supply means 21 for supplying gas to a rotating / holding mechanism comprising a cylindrical stationary shaft 16, a fluid bearing 17 and a rotation support member 18, gas discharge means 7 for discharging gas into a drainage mechanism, and gas supply means 31 for supplying gas for controlling an atmosphere when cleaning liquid is injected. The atmosphere component measuring device 4 which measures the atmosphere in the cleaning apparatus 1 can measure at any timing, and can detect one or more of a flammable component, a combustible component and a oxdizer component.

The invention discloses a multiaxis differential spectrum absorbing method and device for vertically distribution detection of atmospheric components. Wherein, a plurality of telescopes are arranged to observe the space from the ground in different angles of pitch, so as to detect and collect sun lights scattered by the atmosphere; the surfaces of the telescopes' lens cones are blackened to reduce stray light, the scattered sun light is converged at the ends of optic fibers after passing the lens and light filters in the telescopes; the optic fibers at the tail ends of the telescopes are combined and guide the scattered sun lights into the incident slit of an imaging spectrometer, which first disperses the scattered sun lights, and then concentrate them on a photosensitive surface of a face array imaging CCD detector; the spectral signals go through data analysis and treatment after A / D conversion and inputting into a computer. The invention is applicable for chemical research of atmosphere, provides input data and model verification for chemical model of atmosphere; and is applicable for verifying the results of atmospheric components detected by a satellite.

The invention provides a method for optimizing laser radar detection atmospheric composition spectral line analysis, through building of an IPDA laser radar equation of hard target reflection, calculation of difference optical thickness of two pulses and CO2 air column mixing rate XCO2 with a weight, single spectral line broadening calculation, absorption cross section calculation, CO2 absorption optical thickness calculation, a weight function profile and a CO2 molecule number density profile, weight function-optimized spectral lines are obtained. The spectral lines obtained by the method have a higher lower-atmosphere weight ratio, and detection is closer to a true value.

A device for centrifugation and robotic manipulation of specimen samples, including incubating eggs, and uses thereof are provided. The device may advantageously be used for the incubation of avian, reptilian or any type of vertebrate eggs. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for holding samples individually, rotating them individually, rotating them on a centrifuge collectively, injecting them individually with a fixative or other chemical reagent, and maintaining them at controlled temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric composition. The device is applicable to experiments involving entities other than eggs, such as invertebrate specimens, plants, microorganisms and molecular systems.

A sample sequestering system which allows access to a subspace in a chamber encompassed generally enclosed space, for use in entering and removing a sample when the subspace is opened to atmosphere. Sufficient purge gas is flowed from within the generally enclosed space into the subspace discourage atmospheric contaminates from entering into the subspace. Contained within the generally enclosed space is a spectrophotometer, ellipsometer or polarimeter or the like system which operates at wavelengths, (eg. UV), which are adversely affected, (eg. absorbed), by typical atmospheric contents.

A lightweight, low-cost, and highly sensitive aerosol sensor measures aerosol concentrations remotely. A fiber laser sends pulses outward toward the target area from a carbon-fiber telescope using ultra-lightweight optical elements. Light is received back in the same telescope or in another similar telescope depending on the aerosol concentration or other contents of the atmosphere. The sensor is lightweight, low-cost and has high performance. The system also measures aerosol profiles over a hemispherical volume to produce a three-dimensional measurement within the range of the laser.

Method and arrangement for adjusting nitrogen and oxygen concentrations within regions of an aircraft. The method includes separating nitrogen from ambient air onboard an aircraft thereby establishing a high-concentration nitrogen supply and then dispensing high-concentration nitrogen from the supply to a fire-susceptible, non-habitable region of the aircraft where the high-concentration nitrogen is reservoired thereby decreasing the capability for the atmosphere therein to support combustion. Oxygen is also separated from the ambient air thereby establishing a high-concentration oxygen supply that is dispensed to an occupant cabin of the aircraft thereby increasing the level of oxygen concentration within the cabin to a level greater than the naturally occurring concentration of oxygen at the experienced internal cabin pressure. When it is determined that reduced oxygen concentration is required in the occupant cabin, the reservoired high-concentration nitrogen is moved into the passenger cabin diluting the oxygen-elevated environment.

The invention relates to an atmospheric composition sampling system, and belongs to the technical field of atmospheric monitoring.The sampling system comprises a ground mobile power supply device, an aircraft and a sampling device, wherein the ground mobile power supply device and the aircraft are connected through a cable, and the sampling device is connected to the aircraft; a cable winding device used for cable winding and unwinding is arranged in the ground mobile power supply device, the sampling device comprises a controller, a rotary-type air collection mechanism which achieves positioning by means of a cradle head and a group of air samplers, the air samplers form a time-sharing and multi-parameter sampling mechanism to atmospheric compositions by means of control of the controller over the rotary-type air collection mechanism, and the air samplers have multiple types.When the sampling system works, multi-position and multi-item atmospheric composition sampling work can be achieved through one-time taking off, the efficiency is greatly improved, time intervals of sampling work between different positions are short, atmospheric composition data at different positions within a short time range can be provided, and the reference to research is good.

The invention relates to an atmospheric composition inversion method of an obscuration detection instrument. On the basis of parameter characteristics of an occultation detection instrument, an ARTS-based occultation forward mode is established; an atmospheric background base is established based on ten-year MLS global atmospheric products; statistic calculation is carried out to obtain an initialvalue field of a target component; and layered constriction is carried out on iteration of different height layers during the inversion process.

The invention relates to atmospheric physical sounding, in particular to a limb sounding method for low-to-medium altitude atmospheric compositions. An imaging spectrometer is carried through an airship platform with a stepping motor; a ground computer system remotely controls the imaging spectrometer through wireless communication to perform continuous or discontinuous atmosphere acquisition in horizontal direction or vertical direction according to the resident height of an airship, scatter the light backward and image after the airship rises to a height for sounding target atmosphere; and a spectral signal after the imaging is stored to the ground computer system through wireless transmission further to obtain atmospheric chemical compositions within the sounding range through spectral data analysis and treatment. The method can reduce the influence of surface albedo on the section inversion of the atmospheric compositions, improve the surface coverage range in the horizontal surface and the resolution in vertical direction, can also flexibly select the height range of section sounding of the atmospheric compositions, and realize continuous, large-area, and high-accuracy sounding of sections of the atmospheric compositions.

Method and arrangement for adjusting nitrogen and oxygen concentrations within regions of an aircraft. The method includes separating nitrogen from ambient air onboard an aircraft thereby establishing a high-concentration nitrogen supply and then dispensing high-concentration nitrogen from the supply to a fire-susceptible, non-habitable region of the aircraft where the high-concentration nitrogen is reservoired thereby decreasing the capability for the atmosphere therein to support combustion. Oxygen is also separated from the ambient air thereby establishing a high-concentration oxygen supply that is dispensed to an occupant cabin of the aircraft thereby increasing the level of oxygen concentration within the cabin to a level greater than the naturally occurring concentration of oxygen at the experienced internal cabin pressure. When it is determined that reduced oxygen concentration is required in the occupant cabin, the reservoired high-concentration nitrogen is moved into the passenger cabin diluting the oxygen-elevated environment.

The invention discloses a movable in-situ sensing and measuring device for a near-surface atmospheric composition. The device comprises an air suspension device which is taken as a moving tool for an instrument in an atmospheric layer, wherein a safety rope for ensuring safety and positioning is tied on the air suspension device; a geographical space positioning module, a microprocessor, a communication module, a gas measuring module and a gas concentration sensor are arranged on the air suspension device; the geographical space positioning module is used for receiving a signal of a global positioning system according to a data acquisition command of the microprocessor, and determining the geographical space position of the air suspension device; and the gas concentration sensor is used for detecting the concentration of a tested gas composition in the atmospheric layer, sending a command according to data of the microprocessor, and transmitting the gas concentration signal and the geographical space position to a ground monitoring center in a wireless mode. The movable in-situ sensing and measuring device for the near-surface atmospheric composition provided by the invention has rich measuring parameters, higher measuring accuracy and low cost.

An apparatus is provided for highly accelerated life testing (HALT) of multi-junction solar cells according to a method that utilizes a high vacuum chamber, as well as lenses and windows transparent to broad spectrum solar radiation from typically a single source to house packaged solar chips and temperature monitoring and control means during testing, thereby allowing substantially greater control of environmental variables such as temperature, atmospheric composition, and light spectrum than is currently available.

A micromechanical component having a substrate and having a thin-layer, as well as having a cavity which is bounded by the substrate and the thin-layer, at least one gas having an internal pressure being enclosed in the cavity. The gas phase has a non-atmospheric composition. A method for producing a micromechanical component having a substrate and having a thin-layer encapsulation, as well as having a cavity which is bounded by the substrate and the thin-layer encapsulation. The method has the steps of positioning a polymer in a cavity, closing the cavity and generating a gas phase of non-atmospheric composition in the cavity by decomposing at least a part of the polymer. An internal pressure is generated, which may be higher than the process pressure when the cavity is closed.

The invention discloses a movable type atmospheric aerosol ion composition real-time monitoring system. The monitoring system comprises a vehicle environment system, an atmospheric composition monitoring system, a data acquisition processing system and a power supply system, the atmospheric composition monitoring system comprises an atmospheric particulate monitoring unit, an atmospheric gaseous pollutant monitoring unit and an atmospheric meteorological element monitoring unit, the data acquisition processing system acquires monitoring data in real time and uploads the acquired data to a data terminal software system through a data collector, and the data terminal software system performs data analysis, processing, display, storage, query, and printing on the acquired data and communicates with a data center in a remote manner. According to the system, an atmospheric aerosol and gas composition monitoring analyzer on a movable observation vehicle performs real-time atmospheric monitoring, the concentration of water-soluble ions in the atmospheric aerosol can be observed more accurately, and data support is provided for analysis of pollution flashover accidents.

The invention discloses a laser radar system with a function of inhibiting low-altitude strong echo signals. Frequency signals are output through an optical chopper to serve as synchronizing signals, external triggering signals of lasers are generated through signal processing of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit board, low-altitude atmosphere echo signals are enabled to be shielded by a solid area of a chopping plate on the optical chopper for a certain period of time (in the process of detecting atmospheric composition of the stratosphere) by adjusting the laser emitting time of lasers, the strong echo signals are physically shielded from directly being emitted on a light sensing surface of a photomultiplier, the photomultiplier is prevented from having the phenomena of saturation and fatigue when a door is opened and closed, the FPGA circuit board receives synchronizing frequency signals output by the optical chopper, and the external triggering signals, meeting the work requirements of the lasers, of three lasers are generated under the action of the synchronizing frequency signals. According to different combinations among the lasers, the laser radar system with the function of inhibiting low-altitude strong echo signals can detect ozone, water vapor and aerosol in the troposphere, can detect ozone in the stratosphere and the aerosol in the stratosphere, and can effectively inhibit the low-altitude strong echo signals.

The invention relates to a method of correcting a tangent height based on an infrared occultation sensor. The method comprises steps: first-level data are acquired through the infrared occultation sensor, wherein the first-level data comprise multiple tangent heights and an atmospheric composition; the first-level data are subjected to wave number processing to remove abnormal tangent heights in the multiple tangent heights; sensitivity analysis is carried out on multiple gases in the atmospheric composition in a wave number range; and through the sensitivity analysis, after gases which affectthe wave number in the atmospheric composition are eliminated on the basis of the wave number range, and logarithmic gradient trigonometry is adopted to correct the tangent heights in the first-leveldata. The quick tangent height correction method can perform tangent height correction based on the occultation sensor features more simply, quickly and accurately.

The invention relates to a frequency comb laser radar detection method for simultaneously measuring various components of atmosphere and a system. The method includes the following steps that: S1, a seed laser emits seed light, after the seed light passes through a corresponding frequency comb laser, a plurality of spectral frequencies are outputted, and then emitted into the atmosphere through areflector; S2, a telescope is adopted to collect echo signals generated by the interaction of the laser and the atmosphere, the echo signals sequentially pass a corresponding beam splitter, so that signals of different frequencies can be divided through the beam splitter; S3, the signals of different frequencies pass through a corresponding filter and thereafter are emitted into a corresponding detector; and S4, the detector converts detected optical signals into electrical signals, and then the electrical signals are acquired through a data acquisition unit, and the acquired data are stored in a data processing unit. According to the method and system of the invention adopted, the frequency comb laser is introduced, and an inversion algorithm for simultaneously measuring various atmospheric components is developed based on a traditional differential absorption laser radar inversion technique, and therefore, the method and system have great theoretical and practical value.

The invention is suitable for the field of computers, and provides an atmospheric composition observing system. The atmospheric composition observing system comprises a center station data processing system, an observing station data collection system and a data service management system. The center station data processing system is used for conducting calibration, abnormity identification and statistics on atmospheric observation data. The observing station data collection system is in communication with the center station data processing system and used for driving observing devices to collect the atmospheric observation data according to a data collection command, and uploading the atmospheric observation data to the center station data processing system. According to the operation of a user, the data service management system processes and outputs the data on which calibration, abnormity identification and statistics are conducted through the center station data processing system. By means of the atmospheric composition observing system, access of various atmospheric composition observing devices and automatic collecting, uploading and sharing of the atmospheric observation data are achieved, the universality is high, management is convenient, passivity of data collection and management monitoring in the existing atmospheric composition observing process is thoroughly changed, and powerful support is provided for atmospheric composition observing.

The invention relates to a double-optical-comb atmospheric component detection device based on transmitting and receiving separation of a high-orbit satellite platform. The device comprises an opticalcomb I, a beam splitter I, an energy monitoring module I, a collimation module I, an optical transmitting telescope, a pointing control module I, a pointing control module II, an optical receiving telescope, a collimation module II, an optical comb II, a beam splitter II, an energy monitoring module II, a collimation module III, a beam combiner, a photoelectric detector module, a radio frequencyanalysis module and a data acquisition and analysis module. According to the invention, a double-optical-comb mode with separated receiving and transmitting is adopted, and the frequency comb teeth ofthe optical comb are fixed at intervals, so that the requirement on the frequency stability of the light source is greatly reduced, and the frequency difference can be flexibly adjusted by adjustingthe optical comb on the ground as required. Column concentration high-precision continuous measurement of specific atmospheric components (such as greenhouse gas or pollution gas) in a plurality of site areas at daytime and at night can be realized, and the device has a wide application prospect in the fields of regional climate research, environmental monitoring, atmospheric chemistry research and the like.

The invention relates to a compact differential interferometry imaging spectrograph and an imaging method thereof. The spectrograph comprises a telescoping system, a filter, a low-chromatic-dispersionmodule, a high-chromatic-dispersion module, a polarization analyzer and a detector, wherein the telescoping system, the filter, the low-chromatic-dispersion module, the high-chromatic-dispersion module, the polarization analyzer and the detector are arranged along a light path; the low-chromatic-dispersion module and the high-chromatic-dispersion module independently comprise a polarizing beam splitting prism, a 1 / 4 wave plate, a view field expanding prism, a blazed grating, a 1 / 4 wave plate, a view field expanding prism and a blazed grating, wherein the 1 / 4 wave plate, the view field expanding prism and the blazed grating are arranged in a transmission light path of the polarizing beam splitting prism in sequence, and the 1 / 4 wave plate, the view field expanding prism and the blazed grating are arranged in the reflecting light path of the polarizing beam splitting prism in sequence; the telescoping system is used for collecting the spectral radiance of an observation target; the filter is used for filtering the collected spectral radiance of the observation target; the low-chromatic-dispersion module is used for carrying out light splitting on filtered rays; the high-chromatic-dispersion module is used for gathering and emitting the rays; the polarization analyzer is used for carrying out beam combination on emergent light; and the detector is used for receiving an interference image emitted from the polarization analyzer and carrying out imaging on the spectral radiance collected by the telescoping system. The spectrograph is applied to atmospheric composition detection,and atmospheric compositions can be obtained through obtained spectrum information.

A micromechanical component having a substrate and having a thin-layer, as well as having a cavity which is bounded by the substrate and the thin-layer, at least one gas having an internal pressure being enclosed in the cavity. The gas phase has a non-atmospheric composition. A method for producing a micromechanical component having a substrate and having a thin-layer encapsulation, as well as having a cavity which is bounded by the substrate and the thin-layer encapsulation. The method has the steps of positioning a polymer in a cavity, closing the cavity and generating a gas phase of non-atmospheric composition in the cavity by decomposing at least a part of the polymer. An internal pressure is generated, which may be higher than the process pressure when the cavity is closed.

A method and apparatus for the regeneration, acclimation and conditioning of in vitro derived plant propagules is presented. The apparatus comprises a regulated chamber, a laminar flow work station coupled to the regulated environment, and a supply compartment. A process control system regulates the chamber to sterile or near sterile conditions. The process control system monitors and modulates the microenvironment, nutritional profile and frequency of fertigation, atmospheric composition, as well as the quality and quantity of irradiance incident on propagules in the sterile chamber. This controlled environ optimizes propagules regeneration, and facilitates the establishment of photoautotrophism and homeostatic capacity of plant tissues. Furthermore, the apparatus allows for the metabolic and morphologic conditioning of plantlets for high intensity indoor cultivation as well as the inoculation of plantlets with beneficial bacteria and fungi which increase metabolic function and provide a protection from colonization of plantlets by pathogenic microflora through spatial occupation.

The invention relates to atmospheric physical sounding, in particular to a limb sounding method for low-to-medium altitude atmospheric compositions. An imaging spectrometer is carried through an airship platform with a stepping motor; a ground computer system remotely controls the imaging spectrometer through wireless communication to perform continuous or discontinuous atmosphere acquisition in horizontal direction or vertical direction according to the resident height of an airship, scatter the light backward and image after the airship rises to a height for sounding target atmosphere; and a spectral signal after the imaging is stored to the ground computer system through wireless transmission further to obtain atmospheric chemical compositions within the sounding range through spectraldata analysis and treatment. The method can reduce the influence of surface albedo on the section inversion of the atmospheric compositions, improve the surface coverage range in the horizontal surface and the resolution in vertical direction, can also flexibly select the height range of section sounding of the atmospheric compositions, and realize continuous, large-area, and high-accuracy sounding of sections of the atmospheric compositions.

The invention discloses a satellite-borne terahertz atmospheric limb sounder. The sounder comprises an antenna feed system, a scanning driving mechanism, a calibrator, a receiver, a rear-end spectrometer, and a digital control unit, wherein the antenna feed system is used to receive atmospheric limb radiation signals and radiation signals of the calibrator and send the signals to the receiver, andcomprises an offset paraboloid reflecting antenna and independent feed sources for four frequencies; the scanning driving mechanism is used to drive the antenna feed system to achieve one-dimensionalreciprocating oscillation and complete atmospheric limb scanning in a direction parallel to a satellite traveling direction; the receiver comprises four sounding channels, and each sounding channel carries out down-conversion, amplification and filtering on radiation signals of one feed source; the rear-end spectrometer is used for spectral analysis on signals output by the sounding channels of the receiver, so that inversion of the contents and vertical distributions of various atmospheric components can be subsequently achieved; and the digital control unit is used to control the working state of the whole sounder.

The present invention pertains generally to a combination of optical elements integrated into a singular unit to perform one or more functional operations upon an electromagnetic radiation emission conveyed through said unit, and more particularly, a plurality of optical elements that are durably integrated into a modular optical package, wherein said modular optical package is adaptive to a releasable mounting mechanism and has the capability to maintain an independently controlled microenvironment. An electromagnetic radiation emission in introduced into the modular optical package through at least one ingress portal and upon modification by the internal optical elements, exits the modular optical package through at least one egress portal. A microenvironment is maintained within the enclosure of the modular optical package such that humidity, temperature, atmospheric composition, particulates, and out-gassing contaminants are controlled.

The invention discloses a terahertz frequency band atmospheric transmission characteristic library building method for signal distortion compensation, and solves the problem of terahertz signal atmospheric transmission distortion compensation. The method comprises the following steps: deriving a terahertz frequency band gas absorption and phase shift coefficient calculation formula according to an atmospheric transmission theory; calculating terahertz frequency band absorption and phase shift coefficients of different gas components under the same atmospheric condition by utilizing a formula, and determining main contribution components; analyzing the relationship between the meteorological condition and the atmospheric component parameter, and determining a database variable; finally, selecting a variable combination to calculate atmospheric absorption and phase shift coefficients, and establishing a database. The method has the advantages that universality is achieved, and distortion signals are compensated through a database matching search method and are not limited by atmospheric conditions during measurement; atmospheric condition parameter inversion can be realized by matching a theoretical curve and an actual measurement curve, and then distortion signals are compensated.