58 results about "Redox cycle" patented technology

A unique apparatus unique apparatus and process that uses mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) for: (1) Destruction of: a) nearly all organic solid, liquid, and gases materials, except fluorinated hydrocarbons; b) all biological solid, liquid, and gases materials; c) and/or dissolution and decontamination (such as cleaning equipment and containers, etc.) of nearly all inorganic solid, liquid, or gas where higher oxidation states exist which includes, but is not limited to, halogenated inorganic compounds (except fluorinated), inorganic pesticides and herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, carbon residues, inorganic carbon compounds, mineral formations, mining tailings, inorganic salts, metals and metal compounds, etc.); and d) combined materials (e.g. a mixture of any of the foregoing with each other); henceforth collectively referred to as materials. (2) Sterilization/disinfection of equipment, glassware, etc., by destroying all existing infectious materials. (3) Dissolution of transuranic/actinide materials and/or destruction of the oxidizable components in the hazardous waste portion of mixed waste. (4) Generation of hydrogen and oxygen from MEO of materials. (5) Alteration of organic, biological, and inorganic materials by MEO to produce other compounds from these materials. The materials are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the materials with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized forms of any other redox couples present are produced either by similar anodic oxidation or reaction with the oxidized form of other redox couples present and capable of affecting the required redox reaction. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the materials molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized by either of the aforementioned mechanisms and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable material species, including intermediate reaction products, have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The entire process takes place at temperatures between ambient and approximately 100° C. The oxidation process may be enhanced by the addition of reaction enhancements, such as: ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.

A mediated electrochemical oxidation process and apparatus are used to process biological and organic materials to provide hydrogen and oxygen for use as fuel in numerous types of equipment. Waste materials are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the waste with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the organic waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable waste species have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The entire process takes place at temperatures to avoid any possible formation of either dioxins or furans. The oxidation process may be enhanced by the addition of ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.

A mediated electrochemical oxidation process is used to treat, oxidize and destroy food waste materials, such as manure, biological residue, hay, straw, animal byproducts, bones, horns, blood, biological items, pathological waste and combined waste. Food waste is introduced into an apparatus for contacting the waste with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced by anodic oxidation in an electrochemical cell. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the organic waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized by either of the aforementioned mechanisms and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable waste species, including intermediate reaction products, have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The process takes place at temperatures between zero degrees centigrade and below the boiling point of the electrolyte.

A mediated electrochemical oxidation process is used to treat and destroy organic waste materials. The materials are introduced into an apparatus containing an electrolyte having the oxidized form of one or more redox couples. The oxidized couples oxidize the organic waste materials and are converted into their reduced form. The reduced forms are reoxidized by electrochemical anodic oxidation in the anode compartment of an electrochemical cell or reaction with the oxidized form of other redox couples. The redox cycle continues until the desired degree of oxidation is reached. The process takes place at temperatures between ambient and approximately 100° C., to avoid the formation of dioxins or furans. The oxidation process may be enhanced by the addition of reaction enhancements, such as: ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.

A mediated electrochemical oxidation process is used to treat, oxidize and destroy halogenated hydrocarbon waste materials. The waste materials are introduced into an apparatus for contacting with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized forms of any other redox couples present are produced either by similar anodic oxidation or reaction with the oxidized form of other redox couples present and capable of affecting the required redox reaction. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the halogenated hydrocarbon waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized by either of the aforementioned mechanisms and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable waste species, including intermediate reaction products, have undergone the desired degree of oxidation.

Animal waste is contacted with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized forms of any other redox couples present are produced either by similar anodic oxidation or reaction with the oxidized form of other redox couples present and capable of affecting the required redox reaction. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the organic waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized by either of the aforementioned mechanisms. The redox cycle continues until all oxidizable waste species, including intermediate reaction products, have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The entire process takes place between zero degrees centigrade and slightly below the boiling point of the electrolyte, avoiding formation of either dioxins or furans. Ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation provide reaction enhancements.

Personal care products useful for the maintenance of personal appearance and good health and minor treatments that do not require professional health care, as well as products that provide a combination of anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties and are suitable for use without a prescription. The products utilize a biomembrane permeable organosulfur compound that can redox cycle between thiol, disulfide, and thiosulfinate forms in response to oxidants and antioxidants inside and outside of cells. Example products include an anti-microbial toothpaste with anti-plaque properties, an anti-inflammatory skin lotion with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and deodorant properties, and an anti-toxin skin lotion with anti-arsenicosis properties.

A high temperature, redox tolerant fuel cell anode electrode and method of fabrication in which the anode electrode is pre-conditioned by application of an initial controlled redox cycle to the electrode whereby an initial re-oxidation of the anode electrode is carried out at temperatures less than or equal to about 650° C.

A medicated electrochemical oxidation process is used for sterilization/disinfection of contaminated instruments and infectious waste. Contaminated instruments and waste are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the infectious waste with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the infectious waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized by either of the aforementioned mechanisms and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable infectious waste species have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The entire process takes place at temperatures between ambient and approximately 100 degree celsius. The oxidation process will be enhanced by the addition of reaction of reaction enhancements, such as: ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-power external application type lead-carbon battery negative electrode. The negative electrode consists of three parts, namely, lead plaster, a carbon plate and gel. The structure that the carbon plate is attached to the surface of the lead plaster can improve electrode potential distribution, inhibit surface sulfation and improve the effective utilization rate of active substances. When lead ions in an electrolyte contact with the carbon plate of the negative electrode, lead and lead sulfate oxidation-reduction circulation occurs on the surface of the carbon plate under the electrochemical action, sulfation is generated, and the power density and the cycling stability of the electrode are reduced. The gel can inhibit lead ions from contacting the surface of the carbon material, avoid reduction of the lead ions, inhibit sulfation of the surface of the carbon material, ensure normal exertion of beneficial effects of the carbon material, improve the charge-discharge efficiency of the electrode and prolong the cycle service life of the electrode. The external application type lead-carbon battery composed of the negative electrodehas higher large-current bearing capacity and cycling stability, and is suitable for the fields of start-stop automobiles, solar energy, wind energy storage and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly discloses a catalytic material and a preparation method thereof, and a photocatalyst, the catalytic material comprisesthe following raw materials: N-CQDs powder and CuFe-LDH dispersion liquid; wherein the CuFe-LDH dispersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: a ferric iron source, a bivalent coppersource and a proper amount of alkaline solution. According to the preparation method, CuFe-LDH and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots are compounded to obtain the catalytic material; the preparationmethod is simple, the cycle efficiency is high, repeated recycling can be achieved, the pH range of the photo-Fenton reaction is widened, and the problems that an existing layered double hydroxide catalytic material is low in metal redox cycle efficiency and photocatalytic quantum efficiency, the efficiency of degrading organic pollutants in water through the photo-Fenton reaction is low, and thepH application range is narrow are solved. The provided preparation method is simple, the prepared catalytic material promotes the circulation of Fe < 3 + >/Fe < 2 + > and Cu < 3 + >/Cu < 2 + > redoxpairs, and the photocatalytic quantum efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to construction and application of a photoelectrochemical aptamer sensor taking a nanogold/zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide ternary composite material as a photoelectric sensitive element. The construction comprises the following steps: by taking conductive glass (ITO) as a substrate electrode, preparing a photoelectrode Au/ZnO-rGO/ITO modified by reduced graphene oxide (rGO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and nanogold (Au), and modifying an aptamer S1 and a complementary strand S2 to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA); and combining photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) with the dsDNA to construct a sensor for amplifying a detection signal. After a sensing interface senses Cd (II), the S2 specifically recognizes the Cd (II) to form a hairpin structure, and along with dsDNA unwindingand MB separation from the dsDNA, quantitative analysis of the Cd (II) is realized according to the photocurrent response of the recognized sensor. A double-working-electrode method is adopted for testing, a sensor and a glassy carbon electrode serve as a first working electrode and a second working electrode, dopamine (DA) is added into an electrolyte to serve as an electron donor, oxidation-reduction circulation of DA on the surfaces of the double working electrodes is achieved, and signal stability is improved. The method has the advantages of high sensitivity and low detection limit.

Sharps are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the sharps with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized forms of any other redox couples present are produced either by similar anodic oxidation or reaction with the oxidized form of other redox couples present and capable of affecting the required redox reaction. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize sharps and the biological waste on the sharps and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized by either of the aforementioned mechanisms and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable waste species, including intermediate reaction products, have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The entire process takes place at temperatures between ambient and approximately 100° C. The oxidation process will be enhanced by the addition of reaction enhancements, such as: ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.

The invention discloses a sludge conditioning-horizontal electric field dehydration method. The method comprises the following main steps: (1) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on sludge; (2) adjusting the temperature and pH value of the sludge; (3) adding thiobacillus, siderite and persulfate into the sludge, carrying out uniform mixing, and then performing a reaction for a certain period of time; and (4) introducing a mixture obtained in the previous step into a horizontal electric field for dehydration. According to the invention, ultrasonic damage of microbial cells and promotion of an oxidation reaction of siderite with persulfate via thiobacillus are combined together, so the generation of sulfate radical free radicals is activated, a Fe (II) redox cycle is formed, and a sludge structure is disintegrated; the horizontal electric field is cooperatively used for dehydration; and thus, respective advantages are give to full play, synergistic effect is generated, and the moisture content of the conditioned sludge is reduced to 50-70%. The conditioning method is clear in steps and easy to operate, avoids generation of excessive <Fe> due to feeding of excessive siderite, saves cost, and has obvious dehydration effect and no secondary pollution.

Polymerizable compositions comprising a redox initiator system is disclosed. The redox initiator system comprises a photolabile transition metal complex that photolyzes and initiates the redox cycle.Dental compositions comprising dental resins and the photolabile redox initiator system are also described.

Electrolyte solutions for flow batteries and other electrochemical systems can contain an active material capable of transferring more than one electron per oxidation-reduction cycle. Such active materials can include coordination compounds containing a metal center and at least one redox non-innocent ligand. Accordingly, flow batteries can include a first half-cell having a first electrolyte solution therein, where the first electrolyte solution contains a coordination compound having at least one redox non-innocent ligand coordinated to a metal center. Particular redox non-innocent ligands can include those bearing a quinone functional group, such as substituted catecholates bearing a quinone functional group. Some active materials can include compositions containing a coordination compound having at least one redox non-innocent ligand coordinated to a metal center, where the at least one redox non-innocent ligand is a substituted catecholate or a salt thereof bearing a quinone functional group.

Polymerizable dental compositions comprising a redox initiator system is disclosed. The redox initiator system comprises a photolabile transition metal complex that photolyzes and initiates the redoxcycle.

The invention belongs to the field of VOC degradation, and particularly relates to a Z-type La1-xCexMnO3 catalyst used for photothermal degradation of toluene. According to the Ce-doped LaMnO3 catalyst and a preparation method thereof, a series of Ce-doped LaMnO3(La1-xCexMnO3) is prepared by adopting a sol-gel method and is subjected to gaseous toluene oxidation test in order to study the effect of Ce doping in LaMnO3 on the activity of LaMnO3 under photothermal conditions. The Ce-doped LaMnO3 can form the coexistence of the La1-xCexMnO3 and CeO2, the reaction of CeO2/La1-xCexMnO3 under the photothermal condition follows the Mars-van Krevelen redox cycle mechanism, the prepared CeO2/La1-xCexMnO3 can form an efficient Z-Scheme heterojunction, and the electron transfer speed of the catalystin a high-temperature region can be improved. Moreover, in photothermal catalytic degradation, lattice oxygen is the most important active substance, and the lattice oxygen content of perovskite and the reaction activity can be increased by doping a small amount of cerium doping. The optical and thermal activity are enhanced by the Ce doped LaMnO3 perovskite and the Ce-doped LaMnO3 catalyst is a promising catalyst.

An adhesive article comprising first and second tacky latent adhesive layers disposed on respective first and second opposed major surfaces of a substrate. Each of the first and second tacky latent adhesive layers independently comprises at least one polymerizable component, and a redox initiator system comprising a transition metal complex that participates in a redox cycle, an oxidizing agent, and a blocked reducing agent represented by the formula ((I). Each of R1 and R2 are independently H, an alkyl, an aryl, or RPhoto5 wlth the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is RPhoto. RPhoto represents a photoremovable group. Each of R3 and R4 independently represents H, an alkyl group, or an aryl group comprising a monovalent ester, ether, urethane, or carbonate group. Methods of making andusing the adhesive articles are also disclosed.