39 results about "Redox cycling" patented technology

The present invention provides a reactor and gasification process for the continuous controlled production of hydrogen (H2) and a by-product synthesis gas (mixture of CO+H2+CO2), such a process called a hydrogen priority poly-generation process (HPPP). The reactor uses a circulating molten iron process, which is capable of gasifying a variety of carbonaceous materials including low rank coals and biomass. The process employs an iron steam oxidation-reduction cycle in a multi-chamber reactor including a multi-vessel reactor system, where in one compartment or vessel hydrogen is produced by steam oxidation of molten iron; and in a second compartment or vessel the iron is regenerated by carbon reduction of molten iron oxide thereby producing a by-product synthesis gas (CO+H2+CO2), and excess heat which can be used to produce steam, and in a third step the iron is purified before being returned to the steam oxidation step in the process. An embodiment of this process uses low rank coals having high ash levels in a reactor, which is designed to continuously extract ash from the molten iron bath. A second embodiment uses low ash carbon materials such as highly beneficiated coals in a simpler process that produces pure streams of hydrogen and CO.

A discharge-lamp lighting device is provided which decreases arc jumps, suppresses the fluctuation in brightness of the lamp, and prolongs a life of the lamp, by positively accelerating growth of spots even when an inexpensive, small and highly efficient lamp is used. A discharge-lamp controlling portion (101) sets frequencies of drive-controlling signals (A and B) for drive-controlling a commutator (109) within a predetermined frequency range so that spots formed by arc discharge on electrodes composing a high-pressure discharge lamp grow through a cycle of oxidation-reduction of a metal composing the electrodes, and superimposes a triangular wave signal generated on the basis of the drive-controlling signals onto a current-controlling signal (F) over an entire period of the drive-controlling signals so as to make a peak value of the triangular wave constant, thereby adjusting the waveform of current flowing in the high-pressure discharge lamp.

The method relates to a method for producing hydrogen, which comprises a hydrogen producing reaction forming step, a hydrogen producing reaction accelerating step and a derivation treating step, wherein in one of the viable method of the hydrogen producing reaction forming step, metal, metal alloy or waste materials thereof are used as reaction materials for producing hydrogen, and the hydrogen and by-products are obtained after cleaning treatment and chemical reaction by in contact with electrolyte; in one of the viable method of the hydrogen producing reaction accelerating step, organic acid or inorganic acid are added in the hydrogen producing reaction forming step so as to improve the hydrogen producing rate by the chemical reaction; in the derivation treating step, the electrolyte containing metal ion after the hydrogen producing reaction is finished is dried and properly treated or reduced by an electrolytic process so that the economical and practical purposes of oxidation reduction cycle can be achieved and no secondary pollution is caused.

Disclosed is an inhibitor of the reduction of life cycle of a redox shuttle additive that undergoes oxidation-reduction cycling, the inhibitor being at least of one compound selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonates, ethylene carbonates, cyclic sulfites and unsaturated sultones. Also, Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte and secondary battery comprising the same inhibitor.