The invention discloses an experimental device for recording a detonation cell structure, and a method thereof. The experimental device comprises an ignition bar, a driving segment, a detonation tube,a diaphragm, a flame disturbing spiral and an air inlet. The cell structure is recorded by using a smoke foil technique, a mirror aluminum plate having the advantages of good flexibility, good high temperature resistance and good strength is used as a smoked surface, and the front end of the aluminum plate is trimmed to form an arc shape in order to ensure that the aluminum plate is destroyed inthe detonation process; when smoking is performed, the aluminum plate is first rolled to form a semi-cylindrical shape, then is sealed with a flat plate, and is smoked by a kerosene lamp; the smokingtime of every end of the aluminum plate is controlled to about 5 min in order to obtain the clear cell structure in order to avoid excessive thickness of a smoke film; and after a detonation experiment is performed, condensed water is attached to the surface of the aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is immediately dried by a hot air blower to prevent liquid drops generated in natural air drying from eroding the cell structure. The clear cell structure is obtained by the low-cost method, so the measurement of the size of the cell is accurate, and reliable experimental data is provided for further completing and developing the theory research of gaseous detonation.