The invention discloses a non-toxic, harmless, high-mechanical-strength, high-elasticity hemicellulose foam composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding hemicellulose and cross-linking agent into deionized water, heating and stirring until dissolved to obtain a mixed solution; (2) dissolving PVA in water, heating and stirring to dissolve to obtain a PVA solution; (3) adding The mixed solution is mixed and stirred with the PVA solution to obtain a cross-linked product, which is cooled and molded, washed and dried to obtain the non-toxic, harmless, high-mechanical-strength, and highly elastic hemicellulose foam composite material. The foam composite material is easy to process, non-toxic and harmless, has high mechanical strength and high elasticity, and has great application potential in the aspects of anti-shock and compression materials, elastic response materials, soft tissue engineering materials and biomedical materials.