The invention provides a preparation method of a single crystal NCM ternary positive electrode material precursor, which comprises the following steps of S1, adding a Nix: Coy: Mnz sulfate solution with the total concentration of 1.0-2.2 mol/L, a 4-10 mol/L caustic soda solution and 20% ammonia water into a reaction unit (10) according to a ratio, and introducing inert gas to carry out a first-stage reaction under the reaction conditions that the stirring speed is 800-1100 r/min, the pH is 11.50-13.00, the temperature is 40-60 DEG C, the inert gas flow is 0.1-2 m<3>/h, x+y+z=1, and 1.0>x>/=0.5, S2, after measuring that the particle D50 is equal to 1.5-1.8 mum, increasing the ammonia value in the reaction kettle to carry out a second-stage reaction under the reaction conditions that the stirring speed, the temperature and the airflow speed are kept unchanged, the ammonia water concentration is controlled to be 2-7 g/L, the pH is controlled to be 9.00-11.00, concentrating by utilizing a solid extraction unit (20) to increase the solid content and adjust the clear speed of a solid extractor, and finally measuring the particle D50 to be 3.8-4.5 mum and stopping the reaction, and S3, washing, drying and screening the slurry to obtain the single crystal NCM ternary positive electrode material precursor.