The invention relates to an anti-blocking screening device with a dedusting function and for mineral separation. The anti-blocking screening device with the dedusting function and for the mineral separation comprises a main body, a screen barrel and two supports, and further comprises two dust removal mechanisms and two vibration mechanisms, wherein each vibration mechanism comprises a cam, a connection rod, a moving rod, a moving plate, a limiting ring, a motor, a first spring and a fixed rod, and each dust removal mechanism comprises a connection pipe, a dust removal box, a filter net, an air fan, a seal cover, a handle, two fixed plates and two replacement assemblies, and each replacement assembly comprises a fixed block, a support rod and two replacement units. The anti-blocking screening device with the dedusting function and for the mineral separation can perform up-down shaking operation on mineral aggregate in the screen barrel, prevents the mineral aggregate from blocking the screen barrel so as to prevent the mineral aggregate from influencing screening effect when the screen barrel performs screening work, can perform impurity removal and purification work on dust in the main body through the dust removal mechanisms, and prevents the dust from scattering in all directions so as to prevent the dust from influencing surrounding air environment.