The invention belongs to the technical field of fluorescence detection, and particularly relates to a ratio type near-infrared fluorescent probe for detecting sulfur dioxide (SO2) derivatives, a preparation method and application thereof to detection of SO2 derivatives in crop leaf tissues, SO2 derivatives in atmosphere or SO2 derivatives in soil. M-diethylaminophenol, sodium nitrite, hydrazine hydrate, a palladium-carbon catalyst, ethyl pyruvate, selenium dioxide, 1-ethyl-2-methylquinoline and the like are adopted as the raw materials to prepare the ratio type near-infrared fluorescent probefor detecting the sulfur dioxide derivative, and the fluorescent probe is used for detecting SO2 derivatives in the atmosphere, SO2 derivatives in the soil or SO2 derivatives in crop leaf tissues. Thefluorescent probe is simple in synthesis method, good in SO2 derivative selectivity and high in sensitivity, and the detection environment is suitable for large-range pH. An attempted probe test paper is a simple and portable tool, and can realize rapid on-site detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives in the atmosphere without depending on large-scale instruments and equipment, so that the attempted probe test paper has innovative significance.