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This invention discloses an integrated online multi-stage gradient oxidation modification process and production line for carbon black, belonging to the field of carbon black production technology. Based on an oil furnace carbon black production line, this invention sequentially sets up a three-stage gradient oxidation unit: oxygen pre-oxidation via pneumatic conveying pipeline, gas-phase oxidation via vertical fluidized bed ozone-oxygen, and liquid-phase oxidation via a wet granulator with hydrogen peroxide. Each unit can be started and stopped independently and freely combined. The oxidized carbon black can be flexibly produced in multiple forms, including powder, wet granulation, and dry granulation. This invention integrates carbon black production and oxidation modification control, allowing precise control of oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon black surface. The process flow is compact, with a single unit having an oxidation capacity of up to 60 tons / day. It features low energy consumption, high product stability, and is suitable for large-scale industrial continuous production.